{"id":54650,"date":"2023-09-28T03:22:44","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T10:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/melatonina-i-chronobiologia\/egzogenne-zaburzenia-snu\/"},"modified":"2023-09-28T03:22:45","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T10:22:45","slug":"egzogenne-zaburzenia-snu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/pl\/melatonina-i-chronobiologia\/egzogenne-zaburzenia-snu\/","title":{"rendered":"Egzogenne zaburzenia snu"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”banner-top” css=”.vc_custom_1479393416057{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/melatonin_sleep_disturbances.jpg?id=11711) !important;}”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” font_container=”tag:h1|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”melatoninfacts”][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Egzogenne zaburzenia snu<\/h2>\n

Zaburzenia snu mog\u0105 mie\u0107 wiele r\u00f3\u017cnych przyczyn. Rozr\u00f3\u017cnia si\u0119 zaburzenia snu, kt\u00f3re wyst\u0119puj\u0105 z powodu nieprawid\u0142owego funkcjonowania endogennego lub te, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 wywo\u0142ywane przez czynniki zewn\u0119trzne lub egzogenne. Te ostatnie mo\u017cna podzieli\u0107 na nast\u0119puj\u0105ce:[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion color=”turquoise” c_icon=”chevron” c_position=”right” active_section=”99″ no_fill=”true” collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Jet lag i praca zmianowa” tab_id=”1479159301199-fd863768-f6afa61f-d34d”][vc_row_inner css=”.vc_custom_1479393829403{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/disturb_1.jpg?id=11714) !important;}”][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]Jet lag pojawia si\u0119, gdy cz\u0142owiek szybko podr\u00f3\u017cuje przez r\u00f3\u017cne strefy czasowe, przez co jego naturalny zegar biologiczny nie jest ju\u017c zsynchronizowany z rzeczywist\u0105 por\u0105 dnia. Zak\u0142\u00f3ca to r\u00f3wnowag\u0119 hormonaln\u0105, kt\u00f3ra jest przyzwyczajona do przestrzegania dobrze zdefiniowanego rytmu dobowego. Im wi\u0119cej stref czasowych przekracza si\u0119 podczas podr\u00f3\u017cy, tym gorsze s\u0105 objawy jet lagu: nasz rytm biologiczny potrzebuje czasu na dostosowanie si\u0119. Najcz\u0119stsze objawy to bezsenno\u015b\u0107 w nocy i senno\u015b\u0107 w ci\u0105gu dnia, og\u00f3lny dyskomfort i inne objawy somatyczne, takie jak trudno\u015bci z koncentracj\u0105 i problemy z uk\u0142adem kr\u0105\u017cenia. Skutki zdrowotne mog\u0105 by\u0107 wielorakie: senno\u015b\u0107 w ci\u0105gu dnia, trudno\u015bci z zasypianiem i przespaniem ca\u0142ej nocy, s\u0142aba sprawno\u015b\u0107 fizyczna, obni\u017cone zdolno\u015bci poznawcze, wahania nastroju oraz problemy \u017co\u0142\u0105dkowo-jelitowe i psychosomatyczne. Upo\u015bledzony mo\u017ce by\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c czas reakcji. W ci\u0119\u017cszych przypadkach mo\u017ce doj\u015b\u0107 do chor\u00f3b uk\u0142adu kr\u0105\u017cenia, cukrzycy i nowotwor\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

W tym przypadku melatonina mo\u017ce skutecznie regulowa\u0107 rytm snu i czuwania, szczeg\u00f3lnie podczas lot\u00f3w w r\u00f3\u017cnych strefach czasowych. R\u00f3\u017cne badania wykaza\u0142y, \u017ce melatonina mo\u017ce przyspieszy\u0107 proces synchronizacji wewn\u0119trznych rytm\u00f3w z now\u0105 stref\u0105 czasow\u0105. Melatonina okaza\u0142a si\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c przydatna w \u0142agodzeniu innych objaw\u00f3w jet lagu. Melatonina jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c idealna dla pracownik\u00f3w zmianowych, kt\u00f3rzy cz\u0119sto cierpi\u0105 na zaburzenia snu, poniewa\u017c osoby te – podobnie jak osoby z zespo\u0142em jet lag – podlegaj\u0105 cz\u0119stym zmianom rytm\u00f3w oko\u0142odobowych. Przyjmowanie melatoniny o okre\u015blonych porach jest wa\u017cne, aby zapewni\u0107 jej skuteczno\u015b\u0107 w razie potrzeby. Idealnym czasem na przyjmowanie melatoniny mo\u017ce by\u0107 na przyk\u0142ad godzina mi\u0119dzy 21:00 a 22:00 w nowej strefie czasowej w przypadku jet lagu lub godzina przed snem w przypadku pracy zmianowej. Dobrym wsparciem dla tego typu chronoterapii mo\u017ce by\u0107 terapia \u015bwiat\u0142em, kt\u00f3ra polega na wystawieniu oczu na bezpo\u015bredni kontakt z bardzo intensywnym \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em \u015bwiat\u0142a przez kr\u00f3tki czas. W przypadku jetlagu \u015bwiat\u0142o powinno by\u0107 podawane rano w nowej strefie czasowej, a w przypadku pracownik\u00f3w zmianowych – przed now\u0105 faz\u0105 przebudzenia.<\/p>\n

Zaburzenia snu spowodowane przyjmowaniem lek\u00f3w<\/h3>\n

Wiele lek\u00f3w i\/lub stymulant\u00f3w mo\u017ce mie\u0107 negatywny wp\u0142yw na uwalnianie melatoniny. Wykazano, \u017ce niekt\u00f3re leki nasenne, takie jak benzodiazepiny, ale tak\u017ce leki nasercowe, takie jak beta-blokery, hamuj\u0105 produkcj\u0119 melatoniny. Nadmierne spo\u017cycie alkoholu i\/lub kofeiny (kawy lub czarnej herbaty) mo\u017ce r\u00f3wnie\u017c mie\u0107 negatywny wp\u0142yw na uwalnianie melatoniny i powodowa\u0107 zaburzenia snu lub niezdrowy sen. W celu wspierania endogennej produkcji melatoniny poprzez przyjmowanie substancji wst\u0119pnych, takich jak tryptofan i\/lub 5HTP, wa\u017cne jest, aby pami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce w starszym wieku cz\u0142owiek nie jest ju\u017c w stanie syntetyzowa\u0107 melatoniny z tych substancji. W rezultacie przyjmowanie tych substancji w godzinach wieczornych prowadzi do zwi\u0119kszonego poziomu serotoniny zamiast melatoniny: zamiast promowa\u0107 sen, produkty te powoduj\u0105 zaburzenia snu spowodowane samym ich spo\u017cyciem.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][vc_tta_accordion color=”turquoise” c_icon=”chevron” c_position=”right” active_section=”99″ no_fill=”true” collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Endogenne zaburzenia snu” tab_id=”1481055229702-eb1cfb13-afda”][vc_row_inner css=”.vc_custom_1479393849506{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/disturb_2.jpg?id=11713) !important;}”][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]With endogenous sleep disturbances the amount of the produced melatonin is either reduced, or the melatonin is released at the wrong time, even though one is in a normal day\/night rhythm.<\/p>\n

Delayed Sleep Onset Syndrome<\/h3>\n

With the delayed sleep onset syndrome a sleep disturbance is present which is caused through a shifted melatonin rhythm. It normally appears among teenagers and young adults which belong to the chronotype \u201cnight owls.\u201c They make night into day, and stay up until the early morning hours, and then sleep into the afternoon. Those affected report chronic sleeplessness.<\/p>\n

The delayed sleep onset syndrome of these owls is most easily treated with the help of light therapy in the morning. It is recommended to conduct the light therapy early in the morning in order to shift the sleep-wake rhythm forward. Similar effects can be achieved through taking melatonin in the first evening hours, whether it be fast-releasing or pulsing melatonin. A combination of both therapies is also possible.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sleep-Wake Disruption among the Blind (Non-24 Syndrome)<\/h3>\n

Non-24 is a serious, severe, and chronic disturbance of the day\/night rhythm that is especially common among the blind. People with non-24 syndrome are not able to adjust or synchronize their inner clock to the 24-hour rhythm of a day. These people live in their own rhythm that lasts between 24-and-a-half and 25 hours. This leads to the fact that each day they fall asleep and get up 30 -60 minutes later. All the other rhythms of the body, such as body temperature, hormone release, or the height of activity, also shift accordingly.<\/p>\n

The goal of a chronobiologically correct therapy is to synchronize the inner clock of the affected people with the 24-hour rhythm of the day. If necessary, this can be done in the mornings through light therapy, as well as through substances that suppress daytime drowsiness. However, this only works for those who are still able to minimally perceive light and dark. For all other patients the nighttime administration of melatonin or similarly acting substances should encourage sleep and serve as a time-keeper for the inner clock to follow.<\/p>\n

Different substances can be used to adapt the endogenous rhythm of the blind to that of a normal day\/night rhythm: On the one hand, melatonin can be used as a time-giving hormone in the evening. Through the ingestion of melatonin, whether it be a fast-releasing or a pulsing formula, the body is signaled that it is now night. Recently some melatonin-like substances have also become available, such as Tasimelteon (Hetlioz\u00ae), which also needs to be taken in the evening and works over the melatonin receptors in the brain to set the inner clock according to the day\/night rhythm.<\/p>\n

Sleep Disturbances in Old Age and Special Life Situations<\/h3>\n

Even though a life-prolonging effect has not yet been proven among humans, it is certain the melatonin does positively impact the quality of life, especially among the elderly. The hormone appears to be effective in the treatment of diverse processes which are associated with aging, such as disturbances in the sleep-wake rhythm, lowering of blood pressure and in the correction of immune system deficiencies. It is also assumed that the hormone is helpful in delaying the molecular destruction, cell loss and deterioration of the organism, which are all factors that contribute to ageing.<\/p>\n

Due to an age-related decrease of the nightly melatonin level, elderly people often suffer from sleep disturbances. It is currently assumed that every second person over the age of 65 is affected by sleep disturbances. In this instance, the treatment with melatonin has proven itself to be helpful. Studies demonstrated that the use of melatonin not only ensured improved quality of sleep, but also decreased depression and fears. The positive effect of this hormone can be ascribed to its ability to normalize the circadian rhythm. Such a regenerated rhythm can then effect all other physiological processes positively, and can significantly increase the quality of life and possibly be a factor in increasing life expectancy.<\/p>\n

A special group of patients are women going through menopause. This stage of life is accompanied by deep-seated hormonal changes that not only lead to sleep problems, but can also evoke other symptoms. The extent to which melatonin secretion changes through this event is still the subject of different investigations. Nevertheless, studies with women in perimenopause have been able to demonstrate that pituitary gland activity, as well as function of the thyroid, can be improved with the ingestion of melatonin. Additionally, most women treated with melatonin reported a general improvement in mood and a significant alleviation of depression. This thesis is supported through the fact that high melatonin concentration in old age\u2014as demonstrated in all previous studies\u2014improves general wellbeing and can lead to alleviation of age associated illnesses. This effect mirrors the effect of melatonin as a sleep regulator, as well as that of a potent antioxidant. For all humans, including menopausal women, it could be demonstrated that restful sleep significantly improved general wellbeing on the following day.<\/p>\n

Sleep Disturbances with Winter Depression<\/h3>\n

So-called winter depression, also known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), deals with a special form of depression that is most prevalent in the fall and winter months. The primary symptoms are a suppressed mood, reduction of energy levels and fearfulness, as well as prolonging of sleep time, increased appetite for sweets (ravenous appetite for carbohydrates), and weight gain. On the other hand, depression that is not seasonally characterized is rather accompanied by loss of appetite, weight loss and shortening of sleep. As this type of depression is more frequently found in regions that have long winters with long nights (for example the polar regions), it is assumed that this people suffer from a disruption in melatonin production. Often these people release melatonin more frequently and for longer periods of time.<\/p>\n

Interestingly, a positive effect of exogenous melatonin could still be demonstrated. A small, early evening dose of melatonin in a fast-releasing dosage form can already help to improve the synchronization of the inner clock and the biological day rhythm with the light conditions present during the winter, which significantly improves the emotional state. Additionally, light therapy has also proven itself as a treatment option. When applied in the morning it not only reduces morning melatonin levels, but also impacts the entire rhythm positively.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”banner-top” css=”.vc_custom_1479393416057{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/melatonin_sleep_disturbances.jpg?id=11711) !important;}”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” font_container=”tag:h1|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”melatoninfacts”][vc_column][vc_column_text] Egzogenne zaburzenia snu Zaburzenia snu mog\u0105 mie\u0107 wiele r\u00f3\u017cnych przyczyn. Rozr\u00f3\u017cnia si\u0119 zaburzenia snu, kt\u00f3re wyst\u0119puj\u0105 z powodu nieprawid\u0142owego funkcjonowania endogennego lub te, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 wywo\u0142ywane przez czynniki zewn\u0119trzne lub egzogenne. Te ostatnie mo\u017cna podzieli\u0107 na nast\u0119puj\u0105ce:[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion color=”turquoise” c_icon=”chevron” c_position=”right” active_section=”99″ no_fill=”true” collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Jet lag […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":48562,"parent":54644,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"full-width-content","footnotes":""},"categories":[351,349],"class_list":{"0":"post-54650","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"category-melatonina-pl","7":"category-sen","8":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEgzogenne zaburzenia snu – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/pl\/melatonina-i-chronobiologia\/egzogenne-zaburzenia-snu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Egzogenne zaburzenia snu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”banner-top” css=”.vc_custom_1479393416057{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/melatonin_sleep_disturbances.jpg?id=11711) !important;}”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” font_container=”tag:h1|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”melatoninfacts”][vc_column][vc_column_text] Egzogenne zaburzenia snu Zaburzenia snu mog\u0105 mie\u0107 wiele r\u00f3\u017cnych przyczyn. Rozr\u00f3\u017cnia si\u0119 zaburzenia snu, kt\u00f3re wyst\u0119puj\u0105 z powodu nieprawid\u0142owego funkcjonowania endogennego lub te, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 wywo\u0142ywane przez czynniki zewn\u0119trzne lub egzogenne. Te ostatnie mo\u017cna podzieli\u0107 na nast\u0119puj\u0105ce:[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion color=”turquoise” c_icon=”chevron” c_position=”right” active_section=”99″ no_fill=”true” collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Jet lag […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/pl\/melatonina-i-chronobiologia\/egzogenne-zaburzenia-snu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Chronobiology.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/chronobiology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-09-28T10:22:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/melatonin_sleep_disturbances.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1903\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"476\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" 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\/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Egzogenne zaburzenia snu – Chronobiology.com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/pl\/melatonina-i-chronobiologia\/egzogenne-zaburzenia-snu\/","og_locale":"pl_PL","og_type":"article","og_title":"Egzogenne zaburzenia snu","og_description":"[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” el_class=”banner-top” css=”.vc_custom_1479393416057{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/melatonin_sleep_disturbances.jpg?id=11711) !important;}”][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=”post_title” font_container=”tag:h1|text_align:center” use_theme_fonts=”yes”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=”melatoninfacts”][vc_column][vc_column_text] Egzogenne zaburzenia snu Zaburzenia snu mog\u0105 mie\u0107 wiele r\u00f3\u017cnych przyczyn. Rozr\u00f3\u017cnia si\u0119 zaburzenia snu, kt\u00f3re wyst\u0119puj\u0105 z powodu nieprawid\u0142owego funkcjonowania endogennego lub te, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 wywo\u0142ywane przez czynniki zewn\u0119trzne lub egzogenne. 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