{"id":58545,"date":"2017-06-07T09:24:15","date_gmt":"2017-06-07T16:24:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/new-light-sensing-molecule-discovered\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:53:24","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:53:24","slug":"la-mol-cule-de-d-tection-de-la-lumi-re-qui-aide-d-finir-les-rythmes-internes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/la-mol-cule-de-d-tection-de-la-lumi-re-qui-aide-d-finir-les-rythmes-internes\/","title":{"rendered":"La mol\u00e9cule de d\u00e9tection de la lumi\u00e8re qui aide \u00e0 d\u00e9finir les rythmes internes"},"content":{"rendered":"

De nouvelles recherches en chronobiologie ont permis de d\u00e9couvrir une mol\u00e9cule de d\u00e9tection de la lumi\u00e8re qui pourrait \u00eatre en partie responsable de la capacit\u00e9 de nos yeux \u00e0 percevoir le jour et la nuit.<\/p>\n

Comment notre corps per\u00e7oit-il la lumi\u00e8re ? Il y a plusieurs choses que nous savons sur ce sujet complexe. Nous savons que nos rythmes circadiens d\u00e9pendent en partie des niveaux de lumi\u00e8re dans notre environnement. Nous savons que les messages relatifs aux niveaux de lumi\u00e8re sont enregistr\u00e9s par nos r\u00e9tines et envoy\u00e9s au noyau suprachiasmatique du cerveau. De nouvelles recherches sur les mouches des fruits ont permis d’identifier une mol\u00e9cule r\u00e9tinienne de d\u00e9tection de la lumi\u00e8re qui joue probablement un r\u00f4le crucial dans la perception de la lumi\u00e8re et de l’obscurit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi \u00e9tudions-nous la mouche des fruits ?<\/h2>\n

\"The<\/a>Pourquoi une \u00e9tude sur la chronobiologie de la mouche des fruits est-elle importante pour l’homme ? Les chercheurs de divers domaines ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 utiliser la drosophile<\/em>, une esp\u00e8ce de mouche des fruits, comme mod\u00e8le animal pour diverses recherches<\/a>. Alors que nous avions l’habitude d’utiliser des souris ou des rats dans le m\u00eame but, les mouches des fruits ont des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations courtes, ce qui nous permet de voir les effets de d\u00e9cennies de vie humaine en seulement quelques semaines. Elles peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre facilement \u00e9lev\u00e9es pour pr\u00e9senter certaines mutations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques, ce qui nous permet d’examiner la fonction de certains g\u00e8nes.<\/p>\n

Bien que les mouches \u00e0 fruits ne soient pas des \u00eatres humains, elles utilisent souvent des mol\u00e9cules identiques ou similaires pour des t\u00e2ches similaires. En fait, nous sommes plus proches g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement que diff\u00e9rents. Les probl\u00e8mes que nous d\u00e9couvrons chez la drosophile<\/em> existent souvent chez l’homme \u00e0 un moment ou \u00e0 un autre, ce qui rend la recherche sur les mouches des fruits \u00e0 la fois valable et pr\u00e9cieuse.<\/p>\n

La rhodopsine et la vue<\/h2>\n

La nouvelle mol\u00e9cule de d\u00e9tection de la lumi\u00e8re qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e est une rhodopsine appel\u00e9e Rh7. Mais qu’est-ce que cela signifie en termes simples ? En termes simples, une rhodopsine est une prot\u00e9ine de la r\u00e9tine qui d\u00e9tecte la lumi\u00e8re<\/a>. Chaque mol\u00e9cule de rhodopsine contient une prot\u00e9ine de couleur violette qui est rapidement d\u00e9color\u00e9e en jaune-blanc par la lumi\u00e8re. C’est ainsi que les yeux per\u00e7oivent la lumi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

La rhodopsine Rh7 est diff\u00e9rente des autres types de mol\u00e9cules oculaires, telles que les b\u00e2tonnets et les c\u00f4nes, parce qu’elle est exprim\u00e9e dans le cerveau central<\/a>, o\u00f9 les neurones pacemakers fixent le rythme circadien, plut\u00f4t que dans l’\u0153il lui-m\u00eame. Cela pourrait expliquer pourquoi cette mol\u00e9cule est si \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e au cerveau. Elle semble \u00eatre importante et cruciale pour voir dans la faible lumi\u00e8re qui impr\u00e8gne souvent le monde moderne le soir et la nuit. Les personnes souffrant de c\u00e9cit\u00e9 nocturne pourraient avoir un Rh7 d\u00e9fectueux.<\/p>\n

La mol\u00e9cule de d\u00e9tection de la lumi\u00e8re qui aide \u00e0 r\u00e9gler l’heure<\/h2>\n

Les chercheurs de cette \u00e9tude ont examin\u00e9 une mol\u00e9cule pr\u00e9sente dans les yeux des drosophiles<\/em> et appel\u00e9e cryptochrome. Ce cryptochrome ne r\u00e9agissait qu’\u00e0 des niveaux de luminosit\u00e9 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9s, alors que les drosophiles continuaient \u00e0 manifester des r\u00e9actions biologiques m\u00eame \u00e0 des niveaux de luminosit\u00e9 plus faibles. Cela sugg\u00e8re que ce n’est pas n’importe quelle mol\u00e9cule qui est \u00e0 l’\u0153uvre ici. Apr\u00e8s un examen plus approfondi, les scientifiques ont pu identifier Rh7, la mol\u00e9cule de d\u00e9tection de la lumi\u00e8re faible.<\/p>\n

La perte du cryptochrome ou de cette rhodopsine aura des effets n\u00e9gatifs sur les yeux de la drosophile. Ces deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont n\u00e9cessaires pour que l’insecte dispose d’une gamme compl\u00e8te de vision et que son rythme circadien fonctionne correctement. Cependant, il est apparu clairement que les drosophiles perdaient un autre type de vision lorsqu’elles perdaient ces prot\u00e9ines. Sans surprise, le cryptochrome n’enregistre que la lumi\u00e8re tr\u00e8s vive, tandis que Rh7 peut lire de tr\u00e8s petits changements qui se produisent dans une lumi\u00e8re faible. De plus, Rh7 semble avoir un effet encore plus important sur le rythme circadien. Les mouches drosophiles dont la prot\u00e9ine est inactiv\u00e9e ont beaucoup de mal \u00e0 r\u00e9guler leur cycle veille-sommeil.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9couverte de cette mol\u00e9cule soul\u00e8ve de nombreuses questions int\u00e9ressantes. Les personnes plus sensibles \u00e0 la pollution lumineuse sont-elles tout simplement en possession d’une Rh7 hyperactive ? Cette mol\u00e9cule de lumi\u00e8re est-elle affect\u00e9e par des facteurs tels que l’exposition constante \u00e0 des lumi\u00e8res vives ? Il nous reste encore beaucoup \u00e0 apprendre sur le Rh7, mais cette recherche sur les lucioles semble constituer un excellent d\u00e9but.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De nouvelles recherches en chronobiologie ont permis de d\u00e9couvrir une mol\u00e9cule de d\u00e9tection de la lumi\u00e8re qui pourrait \u00eatre en partie responsable de la capacit\u00e9 de nos yeux \u00e0 percevoir le jour et la nuit. Comment notre corps per\u00e7oit-il la lumi\u00e8re ? Il y a plusieurs choses que nous savons sur ce sujet complexe. Nous […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":25640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[174,255,251,247],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58545","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-le-rythme-circadien","8":"category-sommeil","9":"category-therapie-par-la-lumiere","10":"category-yeux","11":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Light-Sensing Molecule That Helps Set Internal Rhythms<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New chronobiology research has discovered a light-sensing molecule that may be partially responsible for our eyes' ability to sense day 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