{"id":58541,"date":"2017-05-26T10:05:01","date_gmt":"2017-05-26T17:05:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/gene-mutation-may-responsible-short-sleepers\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:53:20","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:53:20","slug":"une-mutation-g-n-tique-pourrait-tre-l-origine-des-petits-dormeurs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/une-mutation-g-n-tique-pourrait-tre-l-origine-des-petits-dormeurs\/","title":{"rendered":"Une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pourrait \u00eatre \u00e0 l’origine des petits dormeurs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pourquoi certaines personnes ont-elles besoin de si peu de sommeil ? Des chercheurs en chronobiologie pourraient avoir d\u00e9couvert une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00e0 l’origine des petits dormeurs, c’est-\u00e0-dire des personnes qui ont besoin de tr\u00e8s peu de repos.<\/p>\n

Que pourriez-vous faire de votre temps libre si vous n’aviez pas besoin de dormir ? Ces heures suppl\u00e9mentaires pourraient \u00eatre consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 des \u00e9tudes, \u00e0 des revenus suppl\u00e9mentaires ou tout simplement \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s de loisirs. La plupart des gens ont besoin d’environ huit heures de sommeil par nuit pour s’\u00e9panouir, mais il existe des exceptions notables. Certains hommes et femmes, appel\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0petits dormeurs\u00a0\u00bb, n’ont besoin que de quatre \u00e0 six heures de sommeil par nuit. Alors que le reste d’entre nous dort la nuit, d’autres sont libres d’utiliser les heures suppl\u00e9mentaires comme bon leur semble. Les chercheurs ont peut-\u00eatre perc\u00e9 le secret de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des personnes chanceuses qui ont un faible besoin de sommeil, sugg\u00e9rant qu’une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pourrait en \u00eatre la cause.<\/p>\n

La biologie des petits dormeurs<\/h2>\n

Les petits dormeurs sont \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par les scientifiques depuis leur d\u00e9couverte dans les ann\u00e9es 90. Alors que la plupart d’entre nous peuvent \u00e0 peine survivre avec quatre heures de sommeil, d’autres semblent s’en accommoder<\/a>. Ces personnes repr\u00e9sentent une infime minorit\u00e9 de la population mondiale, moins de 1 %. Les scientifiques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9concert\u00e9s par le fait que ces personnes puissent survivre avec de tr\u00e8s petites quantit\u00e9s de sommeil et ont sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 qu’une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pourrait en \u00eatre la cause. Les chercheurs ont en effet d\u00e9couvert le g\u00e8ne probablement responsable de cette caract\u00e9ristique.<\/p>\n

DEC2 : le g\u00e8ne du sommeil efficace<\/h2>\n

Les chercheurs ont remarqu\u00e9 qu’une m\u00e8re et une fille qui avaient toutes deux besoin de tr\u00e8s peu de sommeil partageaient une mutation dans un g\u00e8ne connu sous le nom de DEC2. Lorsqu’ils ont \u00e9lev\u00e9 des souris porteuses de cette mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique<\/a>, celles-ci ont \u00e9galement eu besoin de tr\u00e8s peu de sommeil. \u00c0 l’examen physique, la mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique a eu d’autres effets int\u00e9ressants. Les souris pr\u00e9sentaient des connexions accrues entre les parties du cerveau qui coordonnent les sensations et la m\u00e9moire. Elles n’\u00e9taient pas non plus susceptibles d’\u00eatre en surpoids, une observation qui s’applique g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement aux personnes qui dorment peu.<\/p>\n

Comment une personne peut-elle dormir jusqu’\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 du temps recommand\u00e9 sans effets sur la sant\u00e9 ? Les scientifiques pensent que les petits dormeurs dorment tout simplement plus efficacement. L’am\u00e9lioration des connexions avec les zones du cerveau qui contr\u00f4lent la m\u00e9moire laisse penser qu’il pourrait s’agir d’un \u00e9l\u00e9ment tr\u00e8s important du puzzle, car la consolidation de la m\u00e9moire est l’une des t\u00e2ches les plus importantes que nous effectuons pendant le sommeil.<\/p>\n

Pouvez-vous devenir un petit dormeur ?<\/h2>\n

\u00cates-vous un petit dormeur ? Les scientifiques s’empressent de souligner que toutes les personnes qui dorment quatre heures par nuit ne sont pas porteuses de cette mutation. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les personnes qui dorment tr\u00e8s peu se r\u00e9partissent en trois cat\u00e9gories<\/a>: celles qui souffrent de troubles du sommeil, celles qui sont r\u00e9ellement des petits dormeurs et celles qui croient \u00eatre des petits dormeurs mais qui souffrent des effets physiques de leur manque de qualit\u00e9 de sommeil. Bien que nous connaissions d\u00e9sormais le g\u00e8ne responsable du besoin de sommeil, il n’existe toujours pas de moyen d’induire une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique chez l’homme. Par cons\u00e9quent, m\u00eame si vous souhaitez avoir quelques heures de plus dans vos journ\u00e9es, vous continuerez probablement \u00e0 avoir besoin de huit bonnes heures de sommeil dans un avenir pr\u00e9visible.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pourquoi certaines personnes ont-elles besoin de si peu de sommeil ? Des chercheurs en chronobiologie pourraient avoir d\u00e9couvert une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00e0 l’origine des petits dormeurs, c’est-\u00e0-dire des personnes qui ont besoin de tr\u00e8s peu de repos. Que pourriez-vous faire de votre temps libre si vous n’aviez pas besoin de dormir ? Ces heures suppl\u00e9mentaires […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":25624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[246,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58541","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energie-fr","8":"category-sommeil","9":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGene Mutation May Be Responsible for Short Sleepers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why do some people need so little sleep? 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