{"id":58473,"date":"2016-12-23T11:00:27","date_gmt":"2016-12-23T19:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/the-eyes-role-in-circadian-rhythm-entrainment\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:52:01","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:52:01","slug":"r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00f4le de l’\u0153il dans l’entra\u00eenement du rythme circadien"},"content":{"rendered":"

La vue est importante, mais ce n’est pas le seul r\u00f4le de l’\u0153il. La recherche a montr\u00e9 que le r\u00f4le de l’\u0153il dans l’entra\u00eenement du rythme circadien est plus important qu’on ne le pensait.<\/p>\n

Nos yeux jouent un r\u00f4le important dans la perception et l’adaptation \u00e0 notre environnement. Nous utilisons nos yeux pour naviguer dans le monde de diverses mani\u00e8res. Qu’il s’agisse d’appr\u00e9cier une belle \u0153uvre d’art ou de man\u0153uvrer dans la circulation, la vision est l’un des sens les plus importants pour de nombreuses personnes. Les apprenants visuels, c’est-\u00e0-dire les personnes qui apprennent le mieux en voyant des informations sous une forme graphique telle qu’un tableau, repr\u00e9sentent 65 % de la population. Cependant, nous ne nous contentons pas d’apprendre des faits \u00e0 l’aide de nos yeux ; le corps \u00ab\u00a0apprend\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9galement l’heure qu’il est et les t\u00e2ches que nous devons accomplir. Le r\u00f4le de l’\u0153il dans l’entra\u00eenement du rythme circadien est crucial pour la mise \u00e0 l’heure de nos horloges internes.<\/p>\n

Plus que la vue : La fonction des yeux<\/h2>\n

L’\u0153il est un organe complexe compos\u00e9 de plusieurs parties<\/a>, chacune jouant un r\u00f4le important. La corn\u00e9e est une pi\u00e8ce protectrice transparente qui recouvre les structures internes telles que l’iris, qui est un anneau color\u00e9 entourant la pupille. L’iris se dilate ou se r\u00e9tr\u00e9cit pour laisser entrer la bonne quantit\u00e9 de lumi\u00e8re dans l’\u0153il, tandis que la corn\u00e9e focalise les images. Juste derri\u00e8re l’iris et la pupille se trouve le cristallin, qui s’aplatit ou se courbe pour mieux focaliser les images. \u00c0 l’arri\u00e8re du globe oculaire se trouve la r\u00e9tine, qui per\u00e7oit la lumi\u00e8re et l’obscurit\u00e9 et envoie des messages sur les images aux centres de vision du cerveau par l’interm\u00e9diaire du nerf optique.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9tine est la partie la plus complexe de l’\u0153il, compos\u00e9e de b\u00e2tonnets, de c\u00f4nes et de cellules ganglionnaires r\u00e9tiniennes intrins\u00e8quement photosensibles<\/a>, souvent abr\u00e9g\u00e9es en IpRGC. Les b\u00e2tonnets et les c\u00f4nes per\u00e7oivent la lumi\u00e8re et les couleurs que nous percevons comme des images une fois que ces signaux sont trait\u00e9s dans le cerveau. Les cellules ganglionnaires r\u00e9tiniennes intrins\u00e8quement photosensibles jouent un r\u00f4le tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent et tout aussi important dans nos yeux. Elles transmettent des messages sur les niveaux de lumi\u00e8re au noyau suprachiasmatique<\/a> du cerveau, l’horloge ma\u00eetresse de notre rythme circadien. Le dysfonctionnement des IpRGC a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en cause dans diverses maladies, notamment les troubles du sommeil, les migraines et les troubles associ\u00e9s au rythme circadien, tels que les troubles affectifs saisonniers.<\/p>\n

Exploration du r\u00f4le de l’\u0153il dans l’entra\u00eenement du rythme circadien<\/h2>\n

\"The<\/a>Le r\u00f4le des b\u00e2tonnets et des c\u00f4nes dans l’\u0153il est connu depuis des d\u00e9cennies, mais la pr\u00e9sence de cellules ganglionnaires r\u00e9tiniennes intrins\u00e8quement photosensibles chez l’homme n’est connue que depuis 11 ans. Bien que ces cellules neuronales ne repr\u00e9sentent qu’environ 0,2 % des cellules de notre r\u00e9tine, des \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 qu’elles sont essentielles au maintien du r\u00f4le de l’\u0153il dans l’entra\u00eenement du rythme circadien. Elles agissent comme un compteur de lumi\u00e8re, qui joue un r\u00f4le important dans le r\u00e9glage et la r\u00e9gulation de nos horloges internes.<\/p>\n

Sans l’influence de la lumi\u00e8re, le rythme circadien humain dure plus de 24 heures. Les personnes dont les IpRGC fonctionnent mal ou sont absentes ont un rythme interne qui ne s’aligne pas sur celui de la rotation quotidienne de la plan\u00e8te. Elles se retrouvent \u00e0 dormir \u00e0 des heures bizarres et constamment changeantes, ce qui rend difficile le maintien d’un emploi ou le respect des obligations sociales. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que ce trouble, appel\u00e9 \u00a0\u00bb trouble du sommeil non 24 heures<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, contribuait \u00e0 la baisse du syst\u00e8me immunitaire et \u00e0 d’autres maladies physiques graves. 70 % des personnes compl\u00e8tement aveugles souffrent de ce trouble, mais il affecte \u00e9galement de nombreuses personnes voyantes. Des personnes peuvent souffrir de troubles graves qui affectent les b\u00e2tonnets et les c\u00f4nes tout en laissant les IpRGC intacts, ou vice-versa. Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que pr\u00e8s d’un tiers des personnes souffrant d’une perte totale de vision poss\u00e8dent encore les cellules neuronales de la r\u00e9tine n\u00e9cessaires au maintien de leur horloge interne.<\/p>\n

Comprendre le rythme circadien est une t\u00e2che complexe, car nos horloges internes sont li\u00e9es \u00e0 tous les autres syst\u00e8mes de l’organisme. Cependant, la compr\u00e9hension est la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape dans le d\u00e9veloppement de traitements plus efficaces. De nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes permettent aux scientifiques de mettre au point des th\u00e9rapies innovantes qui traitent la cause profonde de troubles graves tels que le trouble du sommeil de 24 heures et aident un plus grand nombre de personnes \u00e0 vivre en phase avec notre monde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La vue est importante, mais ce n’est pas le seul r\u00f4le de l’\u0153il. La recherche a montr\u00e9 que le r\u00f4le de l’\u0153il dans l’entra\u00eenement du rythme circadien est plus important qu’on ne le pensait. Nos yeux jouent un r\u00f4le important dans la perception et l’adaptation \u00e0 notre environnement. Nous utilisons nos yeux pour naviguer dans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":25300,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[174,255,247],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58473","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-le-rythme-circadien","8":"category-sommeil","9":"category-yeux","10":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Eye's Role in Circadian Rhythm Entrainment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sight is important but it is not the only role of the eye. 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Research has shown that the eye's role in circadian rhythm entrainment is greater than we previously believed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Chronobiology.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/chronobiology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-12-23T19:00:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-18T21:52:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/the-eyes-role-in-circadian-rhythm-entrainment-3.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"679\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Edwin Urbina\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@chronobionews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@chronobionews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Edwin Urbina\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Edwin Urbina\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/bbdffa2f15784a87635cc2a178677bf9\"},\"headline\":\"R\u00f4le de l’\u0153il dans l’entra\u00eenement du rythme circadien\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-12-23T19:00:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-18T21:52:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/\"},\"wordCount\":869,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/the-eyes-role-in-circadian-rhythm-entrainment-3.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Le-rythme circadien\",\"Sommeil\",\"Yeux\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/\",\"name\":\"The Eye's Role in Circadian Rhythm Entrainment\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/r-le-de-l-il-dans-l-entra-nement-du-rythme-circadien\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/the-eyes-role-in-circadian-rhythm-entrainment-3.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-12-23T19:00:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-18T21:52:01+00:00\",\"description\":\"Sight is important but it is not the only role of the eye. 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