{"id":58437,"date":"2016-09-01T12:04:38","date_gmt":"2016-09-01T19:04:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/study-finds-vision-light-key-players-sleep-wake-cycles\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:51:21","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:51:21","slug":"une-tude-r-v-le-que-la-vision-et-la-lumi-re-jouent-un-r-le-cl-dans-les-cycles-veille-sommeil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/une-tude-r-v-le-que-la-vision-et-la-lumi-re-jouent-un-r-le-cl-dans-les-cycles-veille-sommeil\/","title":{"rendered":"Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9v\u00e8le que la vision et la lumi\u00e8re jouent un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans les cycles veille-sommeil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pourquoi certains animaux dorment-ils la nuit alors que d’autres dorment le jour ? Des recherches sugg\u00e8rent que la fa\u00e7on dont nos yeux per\u00e7oivent la lumi\u00e8re pourrait \u00eatre un facteur cl\u00e9 dans nos cycles de sommeil et d’\u00e9veil.<\/p>\n

La plupart d’entre nous ont appris la diff\u00e9rence entre les animaux diurnes et les animaux nocturnes d\u00e8s l’\u00e9cole primaire. Certains animaux sont biologiquement programm\u00e9s pour dormir la nuit (diurnes) tandis que d’autres dorment \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re du jour (nocturnes). Cependant, les scientifiques ne comprenaient pas exactement pourquoi les diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces sont programm\u00e9es pour dormir selon des cycles veille-sommeil uniques. Une nouvelle \u00e9tude dans le domaine de la chronobiologie a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les diff\u00e9rences dans la fa\u00e7on dont nos yeux traitent la lumi\u00e8re pourraient \u00eatre le facteur d\u00e9terminant du moment o\u00f9 nous dormons naturellement.<\/p>\n

Diff\u00e9rences sensorielles entre le diurne et le nocturne<\/h2>\n

Il existe quelques diff\u00e9rences<\/a> entre les animaux diurnes et nocturnes, au-del\u00e0 des heures auxquelles ils pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent dormir. Les animaux diurnes ont tendance \u00e0 utiliser la vision comme principal sens pour communiquer dans le monde, tandis que les animaux nocturnes ont tendance \u00e0 utiliser le son. Les animaux nocturnes ont \u00e9volu\u00e9 pour utiliser un autre sens que la vue comme sens principal et beaucoup ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des sens sp\u00e9ciaux tels que la capacit\u00e9 de percevoir les infrasons ou la direction du vent. Les animaux nocturnes sont souvent daltoniens, tandis que les animaux diurnes voient davantage les couleurs et ont plus de cellules coniques dans leurs yeux, qui fonctionnent mieux sous une lumi\u00e8re vive.<\/p>\n

Les yeux et les cycles veille-sommeil<\/h2>\n

\"Study<\/a>Vos yeux et la fa\u00e7on dont ils communiquent avec votre cerveau jouent un r\u00f4le complexe dans vos cycles veille-sommeil. Lorsque vos yeux per\u00e7oivent la lumi\u00e8re, ils envoient un message au noyau suprachiasmatique<\/a> de l’hypothalamus. Cette minuscule partie du cerveau est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l’horloge ma\u00eetresse du corps humain et de celui d’autres animaux. Le noyau suprachiasmatique envoie ensuite des messages \u00e0 la glande pin\u00e9ale et \u00e0 d’autres r\u00e9gions du cerveau, indiquant aux structures cl\u00e9s quelles s\u00e9ries d’hormones doivent \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9es afin de maintenir le rythme de sommeil diurne ou nocturne du sujet.<\/p>\n

Le noyau suprachiasmatique (NSC) a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le centre c\u00e9r\u00e9bral fonctionnel de nos cycles veille-sommeil. Toutefois, de nouvelles recherches remettent en question cette id\u00e9e re\u00e7ue. Il existe dans la r\u00e9tine des yeux un ensemble de cellules appel\u00e9es cellules ganglionnaires r\u00e9tiniennes intrins\u00e8quement photosensibles (ipRGC). Alors que le noyau suprachiasmatique et l’ipRGC fonctionnent de mani\u00e8re similaire chez les animaux nocturnes, une nouvelle \u00e9tude<\/a> sugg\u00e8re que l’ipRGC est en fait dominant chez les animaux diurnes. Les diff\u00e9rences entre les cycles de sommeil et d’\u00e9veil r\u00e9sultent plut\u00f4t du fait que la lumi\u00e8re est trait\u00e9e par des voies diff\u00e9rentes vers le cerveau et n’est pas dict\u00e9e uniquement par le SCN, comme on l’avait autrefois suppos\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Qun-Yung Zhou, professeur \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 d’Irvine, qui a dirig\u00e9 cette \u00e9tude, explique que ces r\u00e9sultats sont logiques d’un point de vue intuitif.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les mammif\u00e8res diurnes sont guid\u00e9s par la vue. Les yeux ne nous guident pas seulement pendant notre p\u00e9riode d’\u00e9veil, mais ils dictent aussi le moment o\u00f9 nous nous endormons.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Cette nouvelle \u00e9tude encourage les chronobiologistes et les autres scientifiques qui \u00e9tudient les cycles veille-sommeil \u00e0 sortir des sentiers battus. La lumi\u00e8re est un facteur important dans la r\u00e9gulation de notre corps, et pourrait s’av\u00e9rer \u00eatre le facteur le plus important de tous.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pourquoi certains animaux dorment-ils la nuit alors que d’autres dorment le jour ? Des recherches sugg\u00e8rent que la fa\u00e7on dont nos yeux per\u00e7oivent la lumi\u00e8re pourrait \u00eatre un facteur cl\u00e9 dans nos cycles de sommeil et d’\u00e9veil. La plupart d’entre nous ont appris la diff\u00e9rence entre les animaux diurnes et les animaux nocturnes d\u00e8s l’\u00e9cole […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":24688,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[174,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58437","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-le-rythme-circadien","8":"category-sommeil","9":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStudy Finds Vision and Light are Key Players in Sleep-Wake Cycles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why do some animals sleep at night while others sleep during the day? 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