{"id":58431,"date":"2016-08-19T09:23:45","date_gmt":"2016-08-19T16:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/viral-infections-respond-circadian-rhythm\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:51:14","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:51:14","slug":"les-infections-virales-r-agissent-au-rythme-circadien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/les-infections-virales-r-agissent-au-rythme-circadien\/","title":{"rendered":"Les infections virales r\u00e9agissent au rythme circadien"},"content":{"rendered":"

Une infection peut-elle vous frapper plus durement si vous y \u00eates expos\u00e9 \u00e0 certaines heures de la journ\u00e9e ? De nouvelles recherches sugg\u00e8rent que le rythme circadien affecte le syst\u00e8me immunitaire.<\/p>\n

La plupart d’entre nous ont remarqu\u00e9 qu’ils sont plus susceptibles de tomber malades \u00e0 certaines p\u00e9riodes de l’ann\u00e9e<\/a>. La grippe hivernale, les allergies printani\u00e8res et le rhume estival semblent se succ\u00e9der comme une horloge. Cependant, le moment choisi peut avoir une incidence sur le risque de maladie d’une autre mani\u00e8re importante. De nouvelles recherches sugg\u00e8rent que nous sommes plus susceptibles de tomber malades lorsque nous sommes expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des virus le matin que lorsque nous y sommes expos\u00e9s plus tard dans la journ\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Infections et rythme circadien<\/h2>\n

Afin de d\u00e9terminer la relation entre notre cycle veille-sommeil et notre taux d’infection virale, les chercheurs ont expos\u00e9 diff\u00e9rents groupes de souris \u00e0 des virus \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments de la journ\u00e9e<\/a>. Celles qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 infect\u00e9es le matin avaient un taux de r\u00e9plication virale plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 – dix fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 ! En revanche, les souris infect\u00e9es plus tard dans la journ\u00e9e pr\u00e9sentaient des taux d’infection plus faibles. Des cultures de cellules humaines ont donn\u00e9 les m\u00eames r\u00e9sultats.<\/p>\n

Pour s’assurer que le rythme circadien \u00e9tait bien \u00e0 l’origine de cette diff\u00e9rence, les chercheurs ont ensuite \u00e9lev\u00e9 des souris dont le g\u00e8ne BMAL1 – un g\u00e8ne essentiel du rythme circadien – \u00e9tait r\u00e9duit au silence. Ces souris pr\u00e9sentaient des taux d’infection plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, quelle que soit l’heure \u00e0 laquelle elles \u00e9taient expos\u00e9es au virus.<\/p>\n

Comment le cycle veille-sommeil peut-il affecter la susceptibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la maladie ?<\/h2>\n

D’autres \u00e9tudes ont explor\u00e9 l’effet du sommeil sur le syst\u00e8me immunitaire. Les personnes qui manquent de sommeil sont plus sensibles aux maladies<\/a>. En outre, les personnes qui travaillent en horaires d\u00e9cal\u00e9s ont tendance \u00e0 avoir une r\u00e9ponse immunitaire alt\u00e9r\u00e9e<\/a>. Pourquoi sommes-nous plus sensibles aux infections lorsque notre rythme circadien est d\u00e9r\u00e9gl\u00e9 ? La m\u00e9moire immunitaire, un \u00e9l\u00e9ment crucial de notre syst\u00e8me immunitaire, semble \u00eatre la r\u00e9ponse.<\/p>\n

Lorsque nous rencontrons un agent pathog\u00e8ne, c’est-\u00e0-dire un micro-organisme susceptible de provoquer une maladie, les lymphocytes T \u00e0 m\u00e9moire \u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9morisent\u00a0\u00bb l’envahisseur. Lorsque nous rencontrons \u00e0 nouveau ce m\u00eame agent pathog\u00e8ne, les cellules T peuvent organiser une r\u00e9ponse rapide parce qu’elles reconnaissent le fauteur de troubles. Cela nous permet de combattre les infections plus rapidement, souvent avant m\u00eame qu’elles ne provoquent des sympt\u00f4mes. Les lymphocytes T \u00e0 m\u00e9moire augmentent en nombre en r\u00e9ponse au sommeil lent, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9 sommeil profond. Un manque de sommeil ou une modification des cycles veille-sommeil peut emp\u00eacher l’organisme de former ces lymphocytes T qui combattent les infections. La saison de l’ann\u00e9e joue \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le, probablement en raison du r\u00f4le d’un g\u00e8ne appel\u00e9 ARNTL<\/a>. Ce g\u00e8ne est plus actif pendant les mois d’\u00e9t\u00e9 et semble prot\u00e9ger contre l’inflammation.<\/p>\n

Le sommeil est-il vraiment le meilleur rem\u00e8de ?<\/h2>\n

\"Viral<\/a>Le sommeil<\/a> est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le meilleur des rem\u00e8des, ce que semble confirmer cette nouvelle \u00e9tude. Le fait d’\u00eatre expos\u00e9 \u00e0 une maladie apr\u00e8s de nombreuses nuits reposantes augmente les chances de la combattre avec succ\u00e8s. En outre, le fait de perturber le sommeil et les g\u00e8nes associ\u00e9s au rythme circadien semble augmenter la probabilit\u00e9 d’infection.<\/p>\n

Nous savons d\u00e9j\u00e0 que nous devons dormir davantage, mais cette nouvelle \u00e9tude pourrait \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour traiter la maladie d’autres mani\u00e8res. Il est possible que ces connaissances soient utilis\u00e9es pour cr\u00e9er un nouveau m\u00e9dicament qui sera efficace contre un plus grand nombre d’organismes en modifiant l’expression de certains g\u00e8nes du rythme circadien. Le professeur Reddy, qui a dirig\u00e9 la derni\u00e8re \u00e9tude sur les souris, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9<\/p>\n

\n

\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que nos horloges corporelles semblent jouer un r\u00f4le dans notre d\u00e9fense contre les agents pathog\u00e8nes envahissants, leur m\u00e9canisme mol\u00e9culaire pourrait offrir une nouvelle cible m\u00e9dicamenteuse universelle pour aider \u00e0 lutter contre les infections.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Le traitement des infections est l’un des nombreux d\u00e9fis de la m\u00e9decine moderne. Ces nouvelles recherches sur la biologie circadienne pourraient nous aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir et \u00e0 traiter les infections plus efficacement \u00e0 l’avenir. En comprenant mieux comment nous pouvons r\u00e9duire les infections et comment nous pouvons les traiter lorsqu’elles surviennent, nous pourrons passer moins de temps malades, tout en r\u00e9duisant les taux de maladies mortelles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Une infection peut-elle vous frapper plus durement si vous y \u00eates expos\u00e9 \u00e0 certaines heures de la journ\u00e9e ? De nouvelles recherches sugg\u00e8rent que le rythme circadien affecte le syst\u00e8me immunitaire. La plupart d’entre nous ont remarqu\u00e9 qu’ils sont plus susceptibles de tomber malades \u00e0 certaines p\u00e9riodes de l’ann\u00e9e. La grippe hivernale, les allergies printani\u00e8res […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":24676,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[174,255,257],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58431","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-le-rythme-circadien","8":"category-sommeil","9":"category-travail-poste","10":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nViral Infections Respond to the Circadian Rhythm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Could an infection hit you hardest if you're exposed at certain times of day? 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