{"id":58421,"date":"2016-07-28T09:25:37","date_gmt":"2016-07-28T16:25:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/role-melatonin-variety-neuropsychiatric-disorders\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:51:03","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:51:03","slug":"le-r-le-de-la-m-latonine-dans-divers-troubles-neuropsychiatriques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/le-r-le-de-la-m-latonine-dans-divers-troubles-neuropsychiatriques\/","title":{"rendered":"Le r\u00f4le de la m\u00e9latonine dans divers troubles neuropsychiatriques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente publi\u00e9e dans l’ Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences<\/em><\/a>, la m\u00e9latonine pourrait \u00eatre une option viable pour aider \u00e0 traiter de nombreux troubles neuropsychiatriques. Produite naturellement par la glande pin\u00e9ale, la m\u00e9latonine est une hormone qui est s\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9e en fonction du rythme circadien<\/a> de l’organisme, c’est-\u00e0-dire du cycle veille-sommeil de 24 heures. On a constat\u00e9 que divers troubles neuropsychiatriques (troubles mentaux li\u00e9s \u00e0 des maladies du syst\u00e8me nerveux) impliquent des d\u00e9ficiences ou des anomalies des niveaux de m\u00e9latonine dans l’organisme. Ces troubles peuvent inclure l’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, le trouble panique, les migraines, la d\u00e9pression, l’insomnie, la narcolepsie, l’\u00e9pilepsie, la schizophr\u00e9nie, la maladie de Parkinson, l’autisme et la maladie d’Alzheimer. L’\u00e9tude pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e dans cet article examine certains de ces troubles et la fa\u00e7on dont la m\u00e9latonine peut jouer un r\u00f4le dans le traitement.<\/p>\n

Le rythme circadien est l’un des trois cycles de base<\/a> \u00e9tudi\u00e9s en chronobiologie. Il joue un r\u00f4le important dans les fonctions physiologiques de l’organisme, telles que le rythme cardiaque, le m\u00e9tabolisme cellulaire et la r\u00e9ponse immunitaire. Des cycles circadiens anormaux peuvent entra\u00eener des d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres physiologiques et psychologiques pouvant conduire \u00e0 des troubles neuropsychiatriques. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son effet profond sur les rythmes circadiens, la m\u00e9latonine est de plus en plus consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un traitement potentiel de ces types de troubles.<\/p>\n

L’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Plusieurs \u00e9tudes ont mis en \u00e9vidence un effet positif de la m\u00e9latonine sur l’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et les troubles paniques. Dans une \u00e9tude de 2013<\/a>, des doses nocturnes de m\u00e9latonine<\/a> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 administr\u00e9es \u00e0 des souris. Les souris avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 expos\u00e9es \u00e0 un stress l\u00e9ger chronique. Avec l’administration de m\u00e9latonine, les souris expos\u00e9es au stress pr\u00e9sentaient moins de sympt\u00f4mes d’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 (notamment moins de prise de poids, moins de d\u00e9sespoir comportemental et de dysfonctionnement cognitif), ce qui indique que la m\u00e9latonine pourrait jouer un r\u00f4le viable en tant qu’antid\u00e9presseur.<\/p>\n

Une autre \u00e9tude a \u00e9valu\u00e9 les niveaux d’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et les scores de douleur chez des patients sur le point de subir une op\u00e9ration de la cataracte. Dans un groupe de 60 patients, certains ont re\u00e7u de la m\u00e9latonine avant l’op\u00e9ration, tandis que les autres ont re\u00e7u un placebo. Plusieurs mesures ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es, telles que les scores verbaux d’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et de douleur, la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque, la pression art\u00e9rielle et la pression intraoculaire. Si les deux groupes de patients n’ont pas montr\u00e9 de diff\u00e9rences significatives dans les scores de douleur, la fr\u00e9quence cardiaque, la pression art\u00e9rielle ou la pression intraoculaire, il y a eu une diff\u00e9rence significative dans les scores d’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 verbale. Les patients ayant re\u00e7u de la m\u00e9latonine pr\u00e9sentaient des niveaux d’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 beaucoup plus faibles.<\/p>\n

La schizophr\u00e9nie<\/h2>\n

\"The<\/a>La schizophr\u00e9nie est un autre trouble neuropsychiatrique dont on a constat\u00e9 qu’il impliquait une perturbation des rythmes circadiens<\/a> et une diminution des niveaux de m\u00e9latonine. En raison de ces anomalies, on pense que la m\u00e9latonine pourrait contribuer au traitement de cette maladie. On a \u00e9galement d\u00e9couvert que la m\u00e9latonine pouvait accro\u00eetre l’efficacit\u00e9 et r\u00e9duire les effets secondaires des m\u00e9dicaments antipsychotiques. Une \u00e9tude portant sur des patients schizophr\u00e8nes a utilis\u00e9 la m\u00e9latonine en conjonction avec un m\u00e9dicament antipsychotique courant. Un autre groupe de patients participant \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9tude a re\u00e7u l’antipsychotique, mais au lieu de la m\u00e9latonine, on leur a administr\u00e9 un placebo. Les patients ayant re\u00e7u la m\u00e9latonine auraient eu moins d’effets secondaires, comme une prise de poids et un score PANSS inf\u00e9rieur, qui mesure la gravit\u00e9 des sympt\u00f4mes de la schizophr\u00e9nie.<\/p>\n

La maladie d’Alzheimer<\/h2>\n

La maladie d’Alzheimer<\/a> est une maladie neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rative progressive qui entra\u00eene des pertes de m\u00e9moire et des modifications de la pens\u00e9e et du comportement qui s’aggravent avec le temps. Les taux de m\u00e9latonine seraient beaucoup plus faibles chez les patients atteints de la maladie d’Alzheimer que chez les groupes t\u00e9moins, ce qui laisse supposer que la m\u00e9latonine peut jouer un r\u00f4le dans son traitement. Dans une \u00e9tude de 2012, la m\u00e9latonine a \u00e9t\u00e9 administr\u00e9e en conjonction avec de l’exercice physique. Ce traitement a r\u00e9duit les dommages cognitifs et le stress oxydatif c\u00e9r\u00e9bral<\/a>, qui sont des facteurs contribuant \u00e0 la maladie d’Alzheimer.<\/p>\n

Trouble du d\u00e9ficit de l’attention\/hyperactivit\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Lestroubles du sommeil<\/a> sont fr\u00e9quents chez les enfants souffrant de troubles d\u00e9ficitaires de l’attention\/hyperactivit\u00e9 (TDAH). Une \u00e9tude actuelle<\/a> a examin\u00e9 l’utilisation \u00e0 long terme de la m\u00e9latonine et son efficacit\u00e9 pour aider les enfants souffrant de TDAH. D’apr\u00e8s les d\u00e9clarations des parents, 88 % des enfants trait\u00e9s ont connu une am\u00e9lioration de leurs probl\u00e8mes de sommeil. En outre, 71 % d’entre eux ont constat\u00e9 une am\u00e9lioration de leur comportement et 61 % une am\u00e9lioration de leur humeur.<\/p>\n

Espoir pour l’avenir<\/h2>\n

Outre les maladies \u00e9voqu\u00e9es ici, plusieurs autres troubles neuropsychiatriques semblent \u00eatre li\u00e9s \u00e0 un sommeil perturb\u00e9 et \u00e0 des taux de m\u00e9latonine anormaux. Sur la base de preuves scientifiques, il y a de plus en plus d’indications que la m\u00e9latonine peut jouer un r\u00f4le positif dans la gestion et le traitement de nombreux types de troubles neuropsychiatriques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente publi\u00e9e dans l’ Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, la m\u00e9latonine pourrait \u00eatre une option viable pour aider \u00e0 traiter de nombreux troubles neuropsychiatriques. Produite naturellement par la glande pin\u00e9ale, la m\u00e9latonine est une hormone qui est s\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9e en fonction du rythme circadien de l’organisme, c’est-\u00e0-dire du cycle veille-sommeil de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":24620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[256,259],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58421","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melatonine","8":"category-sante-mentale","9":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Role of Melatonin in a Variety of Neuropsychiatric Disorders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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