{"id":58388,"date":"2016-05-27T10:59:17","date_gmt":"2016-05-27T17:59:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/melatonin-signaling-type-2-diabetes-connection\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:46:30","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:46:30","slug":"signalisation-de-la-m-latonine-et-diab-te-de-type-2-un-lien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/signalisation-de-la-m-latonine-et-diab-te-de-type-2-un-lien\/","title":{"rendered":"Signalisation de la m\u00e9latonine et diab\u00e8te de type 2 : Un lien"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le travail post\u00e9 et l’insomnie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9s \u00e0 divers troubles endocriniens, dont le diab\u00e8te de type 2. Une nouvelle \u00e9tude indique qu’une signalisation anormale de la m\u00e9latonine pourrait en \u00eatre la cause.<\/p>\n

Le travail post\u00e9 est un mal n\u00e9cessaire dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 moderne. Non seulement les gens ont besoin d’acc\u00e9der aux services d’urgence la nuit, mais nous pouvons \u00e9galement effectuer des activit\u00e9s telles que les achats \u00e0 domicile \u00e0 toute heure. Il en r\u00e9sulte qu’une grande partie des travailleurs sont occup\u00e9s \u00e0 travailler alors que la nature voudrait qu’ils dorment. Si l’on ajoute \u00e0 cela l’insomnie et d’autres troubles du sommeil, de nombreuses personnes restent \u00e9veill\u00e9es tard dans la nuit. Ce rythme circadien perturb\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une pl\u00e9thore de maladies, dont le diab\u00e8te de type 2. Une nouvelle \u00e9tude pourrait avoir trouv\u00e9 la raison de ce lien.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9latonine et diab\u00e8te<\/h2>\n

Lorsque nos yeux per\u00e7oivent un manque de lumi\u00e8re, notre cerveau se met en marche et nous pr\u00e9pare au sommeil. Des messages sont transmis de la r\u00e9tine au noyau suprachiasmatique<\/a> du cerveau et \u00e0 la glande pin\u00e9ale, avec pour r\u00e9sultat une augmentation de la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion de m\u00e9latonine. La m\u00e9latonine est bien connue pour son effet somnif\u00e8re, mais elle a \u00e9galement divers effets sur les cellules. La m\u00e9latonine indique \u00e0 l’organisme qu’il est temps de dormir, de r\u00e9parer les dommages caus\u00e9s \u00e0 l’ADN et de remplacer les cellules us\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Les personnes qui travaillent de nuit ont un rythme circadien perturb\u00e9. Elles sont occup\u00e9es au travail alors que leur cerveau se pr\u00e9pare \u00e0 dormir. Elles dorment souvent lorsque les niveaux de lumi\u00e8re sont \u00e9lev\u00e9s et les niveaux de m\u00e9latonine <\/a>faibles, ce qui signifie qu’elles ne peuvent pas effectuer les activit\u00e9s cellulaires essentielles au bon moment. L’Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9 a qualifi\u00e9 le travail post\u00e9 de canc\u00e9rog\u00e8ne en raison de ses effets sur la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Variation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des r\u00e9cepteurs de la m\u00e9latonine<\/h2>\n

\"Melatonin<\/a>Le diab\u00e8te semble avoir des origines familiales, certaines personnes \u00e9tant plus pr\u00e9dispos\u00e9es que d’autres \u00e0 le d\u00e9velopper. De nouvelles recherches<\/a> sugg\u00e8rent qu’une mutation des r\u00e9cepteurs de la m\u00e9latonine pourrait en \u00eatre la cause. Environ un tiers des personnes pr\u00e9sentent une version l\u00e9g\u00e8rement diff\u00e9rente du r\u00e9cepteur de la m\u00e9latonine MTNR1B, pr\u00e9sent sur les membranes cellulaires des cellules b\u00eata du pancr\u00e9as.<\/p>\n

Les cellules b\u00eata du pancr\u00e9as s\u00e9cr\u00e8tent l’insuline. Lorsque la m\u00e9latonine se lie aux r\u00e9cepteurs de ces cellules, la s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion d’insuline ralentit. Cependant, avec la version l\u00e9g\u00e8rement mut\u00e9e, les cellules b\u00eata r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 la m\u00e9latonine en augmentant le nombre de leurs r\u00e9cepteurs. Cela augmente les effets de la m\u00e9latonine sur ces cellules, provoquant l’hypoglyc\u00e9mie et d’autres conditions pr\u00e9diab\u00e9tiques. Lorsque les personnes pr\u00e9sentant cette variation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique travaillent de nuit et mangent donc alors qu’elles ont des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de m\u00e9latonine, leur taux de sucre dans le sang est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, ce qui accro\u00eet le risque de d\u00e9velopper un jour un diab\u00e8te et d’autres maladies endocriniennes.<\/p>\n

Qui devrait travailler la nuit ?<\/h2>\n

Cette recherche peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e de plusieurs mani\u00e8res pour am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 publique. Tout d’abord, nous comprenons mieux comment la m\u00e9latonine affecte le risque de diab\u00e8te. Les personnes qui travaillent de nuit pourraient \u00eatre en mesure d’\u00e9viter bon nombre des effets n\u00e9gatifs sur la sant\u00e9 en \u00e9vitant de consommer des aliments riches en glucides \u00e0 des heures tardives. En outre, les chercheurs en chronobiologie sugg\u00e8rent que les personnes pr\u00e9sentant un risque de diab\u00e8te<\/a> puissent subir un test g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour d\u00e9terminer si elles sont porteuses de ce g\u00e8ne. Alors que certaines personnes devront toujours travailler de nuit pour faire fonctionner notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, les personnes pr\u00e9sentant un risque de sant\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 pourraient d\u00e9cider de travailler de jour, laissant le travail de nuit \u00e0 ceux qui poss\u00e8dent le g\u00e8ne r\u00e9cepteur le plus courant.<\/p>\n

La recherche r\u00e9v\u00e8le constamment que la m\u00e9latonine affecte notre corps de bien plus de mani\u00e8res que nous ne l’aurions imagin\u00e9. La compr\u00e9hension des liens entre le rythme circadien et la sant\u00e9 de l’ensemble du corps nous permettra d’aider les gens \u00e0 rester en meilleure sant\u00e9 et \u00e0 mener une vie plus longue et plus heureuse.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le travail post\u00e9 et l’insomnie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9s \u00e0 divers troubles endocriniens, dont le diab\u00e8te de type 2. Une nouvelle \u00e9tude indique qu’une signalisation anormale de la m\u00e9latonine pourrait en \u00eatre la cause. Le travail post\u00e9 est un mal n\u00e9cessaire dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 moderne. Non seulement les gens ont besoin d’acc\u00e9der aux services d’urgence la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":24400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[174,256,242,257],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58388","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-le-rythme-circadien","8":"category-melatonine","9":"category-sante-des-cellules","10":"category-travail-poste","11":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSignalisation de la m\u00e9latonine et diab\u00e8te de type 2 : Un lien – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Shift work and insomnia have been linked to a variety of endocrine disorders, including type 2 diabetes. 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