{"id":58382,"date":"2016-05-13T11:04:29","date_gmt":"2016-05-13T18:04:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/unraveling-mysteries-biological-rhythms-suprachiasmatic-nucleus\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:46:23","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:46:23","slug":"percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/","title":{"rendered":"Percer les myst\u00e8res de nos rythmes biologiques : Le noyau suprachiasmatique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le noyau suprachiasmatique (NSC) est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’horloge ma\u00eetresse du corps humain. Comprendre le noyau suprachiasmatique est essentiel pour percer les secrets de l’horloge interne de l’organisme.<\/p>\n

Le noyau suprachiasmatique est la source de nos rythmes biologiques inn\u00e9s, coordonnant une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de processus physiologiques avec les niveaux de lumi\u00e8re et d’obscurit\u00e9 de l’environnement. Malgr\u00e9 son importance, on savait peu de choses sur la fa\u00e7on dont cette zone du cerveau re\u00e7oit et synth\u00e9tise les informations. Cependant, les scientifiques commencent \u00e0 mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de nos horloges internes gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une nouvelle \u00e9tude utilisant une neurotoxine provenant d’une source surprenante : le poisson-globe.<\/p>\n

L’horloge de votre cerveau<\/h2>\n

Lorsque vos r\u00e9tines per\u00e7oivent la lumi\u00e8re, elles transmettent des informations aux centres de vision de votre cerveau. Cependant, elles envoient \u00e9galement des messages \u00e0 une zone de l’hypothalamus appel\u00e9e noyau suprachiasmatique<\/a>. Situ\u00e9e juste au-dessus du chiasma optique, cette petite section de l’hypothalamus est jumel\u00e9e (une de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9) et a la forme d’une aile. Comme la plupart des r\u00e9gions du cerveau, le SCN est rempli de neurones. Ces neurones re\u00e7oivent des signaux des yeux, les traitent et envoient des signaux qui permettent au cerveau et au corps de fonctionner au m\u00eame rythme.<\/p>\n

Le noyau suprachiasmatique est intimement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la production et \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration d’hormones, au cycle veille-sommeil, \u00e0 la r\u00e9gulation de la temp\u00e9rature et \u00e0 toute une s\u00e9rie d’autres t\u00e2ches physiologiques importantes. Lorsque cette zone est compromise, comme dans le cas de troubles c\u00e9r\u00e9braux d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratifs tels que la maladie d’Alzheimer<\/a>, il en r\u00e9sulte une perturbation du rythme circadien<\/a> et, par cons\u00e9quent, une perte de la structure normale du sommeil.<\/p>\n

Le SCN et vos horloges internes<\/h2>\n

Malheureusement, il est difficile de d\u00e9terminer exactement comment fonctionne le SCN, car son fonctionnement complexe est li\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs activit\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes. Chaque cellule de cette zone du cerveau g\u00e9n\u00e8re son propre rythme \u00e0 chaque \u00ab\u00a0tic-tac\u00a0\u00bb de l’horloge interne du corps. Appel\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0micro-rythmes\u00a0\u00bb, ils s’additionnent pour contr\u00f4ler votre rythme biologique de diverses mani\u00e8res. En l’absence de lumi\u00e8re, la glande pin\u00e9ale est amen\u00e9e \u00e0 produire de la m\u00e9latonine, tandis qu’en pr\u00e9sence de lumi\u00e8re, le cerveau incite les glandes surr\u00e9nales \u00e0 produire du cortisol. Ces hormones interagissent \u00e9galement avec le m\u00e9tabolisme, permettant au corps de coordonner ses activit\u00e9s avec l’\u00e9veil et le sommeil. L’activit\u00e9 constante du SCN rend difficile la mesure de l’activit\u00e9 en raison d’un \u00ab\u00a0bruit\u00a0\u00bb constant.<\/p>\n

Le poisson-globe et l’activit\u00e9 c\u00e9r\u00e9brale<\/h2>\n

\"Unraveling<\/a>Pour isoler l’activit\u00e9 du noyau suprachiasmatique, les scientifiques ont utilis\u00e9 une neurotoxine de poisson-globe<\/a> pour interrompre la communication vers et depuis la r\u00e9gion. Cette toxine bloque les canaux sodiques dans les axones nerveux<\/a>, ce qui les emp\u00eache d’envoyer des messages \u00e0 d’autres r\u00e9gions du cerveau. Lorsque l’entr\u00e9e et la sortie du SCN ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bloqu\u00e9es, l’activit\u00e9 oscillante de cette zone du cerveau, semblable \u00e0 une impulsion, est devenue chaotique et impr\u00e9visible. Lorsque la neurotoxine a \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e, le noyau suprachiasmatique a recommenc\u00e9 \u00e0 osciller selon un sch\u00e9ma pr\u00e9visible. Il semble que les neurones situ\u00e9s au centre de l’organe fixent le rythme, en envoyant des messages aux neurones qui les entourent et, dans une moindre mesure, \u00e0 d’autres neurones.<\/p>\n

Qu’est-ce que cela signifie pour la recherche future en chronobiologie ? Maintenant que les scientifiques comprennent la mani\u00e8re dont les neurones du SCN sont connect\u00e9s, ils pourront mieux comprendre comment cette partie \u00e9nigmatique de l’hypothalamus r\u00e9git une grande partie de notre physiologie. Cette compr\u00e9hension peut \u00e0 son tour conduire \u00e0 de meilleurs traitements pour les personnes qui souffrent de troubles du rythme circadien et d’autres troubles affect\u00e9s par cette minuscule section du cerveau.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le noyau suprachiasmatique (NSC) est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’horloge ma\u00eetresse du corps humain. Comprendre le noyau suprachiasmatique est essentiel pour percer les secrets de l’horloge interne de l’organisme. Le noyau suprachiasmatique est la source de nos rythmes biologiques inn\u00e9s, coordonnant une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de processus physiologiques avec les niveaux de lumi\u00e8re et d’obscurit\u00e9 de l’environnement. Malgr\u00e9 son […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":24384,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[174,242],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58382","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-le-rythme-circadien","8":"category-sante-des-cellules","9":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUnraveling the Mysteries of our Biological Rhythms: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN, is considered the \u201cmaster clock\u201d of the human body. 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Understanding the SCN is key to unlocking the secrets of the body\u2019s internal clock.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Chronobiology.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/chronobiology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-05-13T18:04:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-18T21:46:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/unraveling-the-mysteries-of-our-biological-rhythms-the-suprachiasmatic-nucleus-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"679\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Edwin Urbina\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@chronobionews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@chronobionews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Edwin Urbina\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Edwin Urbina\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/bbdffa2f15784a87635cc2a178677bf9\"},\"headline\":\"Percer les myst\u00e8res de nos rythmes biologiques : Le noyau suprachiasmatique\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-05-13T18:04:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-18T21:46:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/\"},\"wordCount\":673,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/unraveling-the-mysteries-of-our-biological-rhythms-the-suprachiasmatic-nucleus-2.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Le-rythme circadien\",\"Sant\u00e9 des cellules\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/\",\"name\":\"Unraveling the Mysteries of our Biological Rhythms: The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/percer-les-myst-res-de-nos-rythmes-biologiques-le-noyau-suprachiasmatique\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/unraveling-the-mysteries-of-our-biological-rhythms-the-suprachiasmatic-nucleus-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-05-13T18:04:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-18T21:46:23+00:00\",\"description\":\"The suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN, is considered the \u201cmaster clock\u201d of the human body. 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