{"id":58342,"date":"2016-02-24T17:58:47","date_gmt":"2016-02-25T01:58:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/non-circadian-biological-rhythms-found-to-govern-growth-and-development\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:45:35","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:45:35","slug":"les-rythmes-biologiques-non-circadiens-r-gissent-la-croissance-et-le-d-veloppement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/les-rythmes-biologiques-non-circadiens-r-gissent-la-croissance-et-le-d-veloppement\/","title":{"rendered":"Les rythmes biologiques non circadiens r\u00e9gissent la croissance et le d\u00e9veloppement"},"content":{"rendered":"

Notre rythme circadien<\/a> r\u00e9git un grand nombre de nos activit\u00e9s quotidiennes, depuis le moment o\u00f9 nous dormons et nous r\u00e9veillons jusqu’\u00e0 celui o\u00f9 nous avons faim. Cependant, toutes les activit\u00e9s biologiques humaines ne se d\u00e9roulent pas sur un cycle de 24 heures. Il existe d’autres horloges ma\u00eetresses dans l’organisme qui contr\u00f4lent des processus qui se d\u00e9roulent sur une p\u00e9riode plus longue. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente s’est int\u00e9ress\u00e9e \u00e0 l’activit\u00e9 des rythmes biologiques non circadiens qui r\u00e9gissent la croissance et le d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n

La science du d\u00e9veloppement<\/h2>\n

Les mammif\u00e8res se d\u00e9veloppent de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, mais selon des calendriers diff\u00e9rents. Un chaton devient mature bien plus t\u00f4t qu’un \u00e9l\u00e9phanteau. Diff\u00e9rents facteurs de croissance d\u00e9clenchent la croissance des os<\/a>, des muscles et des organes de mani\u00e8re coordonn\u00e9e. Les cellules se diff\u00e9rencient au moment voulu et se transforment en un type de cellule correspondant \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion du corps qu’elles occupent. Il y a clairement une coordination de ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/a>, puisqu’ils se produisent en tandem. Si les muscles ne se d\u00e9veloppaient pas en m\u00eame temps que les os, ces derniers deviendraient rapidement trop longs pour le tissu conjonctif qui s’y rattache. Les organes seraient incapables de r\u00e9pondre aux exigences d’un corps en pleine croissance. Les m\u00e9decins et les scientifiques reconnaissent qu’une sorte d’horloge ma\u00eetresse sous-tend et coordonne ces processus, mais le m\u00e9canisme \u00e0 l’origine de ces rythmes biologiques non circadiens commence \u00e0 peine \u00e0 \u00eatre compris.<\/p>\n

Les rythmes multidiens : Les rythmes biologiques non circadiens \u00e0 l’origine de la croissance<\/h2>\n

\"Non-Circadian<\/a>Pourquoi les rats se d\u00e9veloppent-ils et atteignent-ils la maturit\u00e9 plus rapidement que les humains ? Comment notre corps sait-il quand ex\u00e9cuter les nombreux processus impliqu\u00e9s dans le d\u00e9veloppement ? Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces questions, les chercheurs se sont pench\u00e9s sur les dents.<\/p>\n

Dans cette \u00e9tude<\/a>, les scientifiques ont examin\u00e9 les hormones pr\u00e9sentes chez les porcs (qui sont biologiquement tr\u00e8s proches des humains) sur une p\u00e9riode de deux semaines. Ils ont constat\u00e9 que les hormones et les substances biochimiques li\u00e9es \u00e0 la croissance et au d\u00e9veloppement<\/a> \u00e9taient lib\u00e9r\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re cyclique sur une p\u00e9riode de cinq ans. Ce rythme multidien, ou pluriquotidien, correspond aux caract\u00e9ristiques microscopiques des dents et des os de ces animaux. Lorsqu’on les examine au microscope, les dents et les os pr\u00e9sentent des lignes de croissance semblables aux anneaux de croissance d’un arbre.<\/p>\n

Rythmes de croissance chez les mammif\u00e8res<\/h2>\n

Les lignes de croissance distinctives observ\u00e9es sur les os et les dents des porcs se retrouvent \u00e9galement chez d’autres mammif\u00e8res, y compris les primates<\/a>. Les singes rh\u00e9sus, qui se d\u00e9veloppent plus rapidement que les porcs, ont un rythme de quatre jours. L’homme, quant \u00e0 lui, a probablement un rythme multidien de huit \u00e0 neuf jours, ce qui explique que notre maturation s’\u00e9tale sur pr\u00e8s de 20 ans.<\/p>\n

Il semble que deux processus distincts se produisent au cours des rythmes multidiens de croissance. L’un r\u00e9git la croissance, tandis que l’autre d\u00e9grade les hormones de croissance afin qu’elles puissent \u00eatre recycl\u00e9es et r\u00e9utilis\u00e9es dans le cycle suivant. Ces cycles sont r\u00e9gul\u00e9s par l’hypothalamus du cerveau, la m\u00eame zone qui est impliqu\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9clenchement des diff\u00e9rentes parties du rythme circadien.<\/p>\n

Applications futures<\/h2>\n

Les rythmes multidiens ne sont pas seulement importants pour comprendre le processus de maturation d’un nouveau-n\u00e9 \u00e0 un adulte pleinement mature. De nombreux processus, tels que la grossesse et le vieillissement<\/a>, semblent \u00eatre r\u00e9gis par un rythme biologique non circadien. Conna\u00eetre les rouages de ce processus permettra aux chercheurs m\u00e9dicaux de mettre au point de nouveaux traitements lorsque ces processus se d\u00e9roulent mal.<\/p>\n

Les rythmes de la vie humaine sont complexes ; il existe une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de cycles quotidiens, mensuels et annuels, ainsi que des cycles de plusieurs jours qui contr\u00f4lent chaque processus. Les nouvelles technologies permettent aux scientifiques de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de notre corps et de traiter les maladies et les troubles li\u00e9s \u00e0 ces rythmes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Notre rythme circadien r\u00e9git un grand nombre de nos activit\u00e9s quotidiennes, depuis le moment o\u00f9 nous dormons et nous r\u00e9veillons jusqu’\u00e0 celui o\u00f9 nous avons faim. Cependant, toutes les activit\u00e9s biologiques humaines ne se d\u00e9roulent pas sur un cycle de 24 heures. Il existe d’autres horloges ma\u00eetresses dans l’organisme qui contr\u00f4lent des processus qui se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":24228,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[239],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58342","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-vieillissement","8":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes rythmes biologiques non circadiens r\u00e9gissent la croissance et le d\u00e9veloppement – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Most people are familiar with the concept of a circadian rhythm, or 24-hour cycle. 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