{"id":58296,"date":"2015-11-20T20:48:09","date_gmt":"2015-11-20T20:48:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/short-sleepers-1-percent-population-need-6-hours-sleep\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:44:40","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:44:40","slug":"les-petits-dormeurs-le-1-de-la-population-qui-n-a-besoin-que-de-6-heures-de-sommeil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/les-petits-dormeurs-le-1-de-la-population-qui-n-a-besoin-que-de-6-heures-de-sommeil\/","title":{"rendered":"Les petits dormeurs : Le 1 % de la population qui n’a besoin que de 6 heures de sommeil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Imaginez que vous ne dormiez que quatre heures par nuit et que vous vous r\u00e9veilliez frais et dispos. Bien que ce ne soit pas la norme pour la majorit\u00e9 de la population, c’est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour un petit groupe de personnes.<\/p>\n

Il est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement admis qu’une personne moyenne a besoin d’environ huit heures de sommeil par nuit pour que son corps fonctionne correctement. Les personnes qui ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas des huit heures recommand\u00e9es souffrent souvent d’effets n\u00e9gatifs tels que l’insomnie, des maux de t\u00eate persistants et la fatigue. Toutefois, certaines personnes peuvent se contenter de quatre \u00e0 six heures de sommeil par nuit. Les professionnels de la sant\u00e9 classent ces personnes dans la cat\u00e9gorie des \u00ab\u00a0petits dormeurs<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n

En quoi est-ce inhabituel ?<\/h2>\n

Les personnes qui dorment peu sont diff\u00e9rentes de celles qui se privent sciemment de sommeil. Dans le quotidien tr\u00e9pidant de la vie moderne, la plupart des gens apprennent \u00e0 se contenter de six ou sept heures de sommeil. Ils parviennent \u00e0 surmonter les effets n\u00e9gatifs, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement avec l’aide de la caf\u00e9ine<\/a>. Une fois la semaine de travail termin\u00e9e, ils tentent de rattraper la diff\u00e9rence plus tard en faisant des siestes ou en dormant le week-end. Les petits dormeurs sont un peu diff\u00e9rents et semblent parfaitement adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 ce mode de vie moderne. Ils ont la particularit\u00e9 de pouvoir fonctionner avec seulement quatre \u00e0 six heures de sommeil par jour sans subir d’effets n\u00e9fastes. En fait, ils se r\u00e9veillent en pleine forme et pleins d’\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude du sommeil court rel\u00e8ve de la chronobiologie<\/a>, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9e biologie circadienne. La chronobiologie \u00e9tudie les effets des cycles naturels du jour et de la nuit sur les rythmes et les cycles du corps humain. Outre le sommeil, ce domaine \u00e9tudie \u00e9galement l’effet du temps et des saisons sur des \u00e9l\u00e9ments tels que l’humeur et la grossesse.<\/p>\n

Comment cela fonctionne-t-il ?<\/h2>\n

\"Short<\/a>Les petits dormeurs ne dorment naturellement que quatre \u00e0 six heures, au point de le faire syst\u00e9matiquement chaque nuit. De m\u00eame, ces personnes ne souffrent pas d’insomnie, qui affecte la qualit\u00e9 du sommeil et rend difficile l’endormissement ou le maintien du sommeil. Les personnes qui dorment peu entrent dans le type de sommeil profond et r\u00e9parateur dont le corps a besoin et obtiennent le m\u00eame effet en quatre \u00e0 six heures que les dormeurs normaux avec huit heures compl\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n

Les recherches sur l’origine de ce trait de caract\u00e8re et sur les processus sous-jacents qui le provoquent sont toujours en cours. Ce que l’on sait, c’est que cette tendance \u00e0 raccourcir les cycles de sommeil<\/a> peut commencer \u00e0 se manifester d\u00e8s le plus jeune \u00e2ge. Bien que la cause exacte soit largement inconnue, on consid\u00e8re qu’il s’agit d’une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique qui permet \u00e0 certaines personnes de dormir \u00ab\u00a0plus efficacement\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Quelle est la fr\u00e9quence de cette maladie ?<\/h2>\n

On estime actuellement que seul 1 % de la population<\/a> mondiale souffre de troubles du sommeil. Toutefois, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne n’a suscit\u00e9 que r\u00e9cemment un int\u00e9r\u00eat particulier. Il est possible que de nombreuses personnes soient n\u00e9es avec cet avantage unique.<\/p>\n

Les petits dormeurs : Science du sommeil<\/h2>\n

La premi\u00e8re personne \u00e0 avoir \u00e9tudi\u00e9 ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est le professeur de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique Ying-Hui Fu de San Francisco, qui en a pris conscience en 1996. Une femme lui a sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 de faire des recherches sur sa famille afin de d\u00e9couvrir pourquoi tous ses membres se r\u00e9veillaient syst\u00e9matiquement \u00e0 des heures tr\u00e8s matinales. Fu s’est pench\u00e9e sur la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la famille \u00e0 la recherche d’indices, puis a \u00e9largi ses recherches \u00e0 d’autres personnes qui pr\u00e9sentaient cette habitude de sommeil inhabituelle. Elle a class\u00e9 ses sujets en trois cat\u00e9gories : les l\u00e8ve-t\u00f4t, les couche-tard et un troisi\u00e8me groupe unique. Chaque groupe pr\u00e9sentait des caract\u00e9ristiques uniques. Toutefois, ce troisi\u00e8me groupe se distinguait par le fait qu’il s’agissait de personnes qui dormaient constamment pendant de courtes p\u00e9riodes, quelle que soit l’heure \u00e0 laquelle elles se couchaient.<\/p>\n

La question de savoir comment les personnes qui dorment peu peuvent fonctionner normalement, sans effets ind\u00e9sirables connus, fait encore l’objet de recherches. La plupart des gens seraient d’accord pour dire qu’\u00eatre capable de fonctionner de mani\u00e8re optimale avec moins de sommeil serait b\u00e9n\u00e9fique pour leur carri\u00e8re et leur vie personnelle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Imaginez que vous ne dormiez que quatre heures par nuit et que vous vous r\u00e9veilliez frais et dispos. Bien que ce ne soit pas la norme pour la majorit\u00e9 de la population, c’est une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 pour un petit groupe de personnes. Il est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement admis qu’une personne moyenne a besoin d’environ huit heures de sommeil […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":23992,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[245,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58296","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chronotype-fr","8":"category-sommeil","9":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes petits dormeurs : Le 1 % de la population qui n'a besoin que de 6 heures de sommeil – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Imagine sleeping only four hours a night and waking up refreshed. 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