{"id":58282,"date":"2015-10-21T20:46:20","date_gmt":"2015-10-21T20:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/a-new-look-into-the-sleep-patterns-of-ancient-tribal-societies\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:44:22","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:44:22","slug":"un-nouveau-regard-sur-les-habitudes-de-sommeil-des-anciennes-soci-t-s-tribales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/un-nouveau-regard-sur-les-habitudes-de-sommeil-des-anciennes-soci-t-s-tribales\/","title":{"rendered":"Un nouveau regard sur les habitudes de sommeil des anciennes soci\u00e9t\u00e9s tribales"},"content":{"rendered":"

De nouvelles donn\u00e9es montrent que les cultures pr\u00e9industrielles ont des habitudes de sommeil similaires \u00e0 celles des cultures modernes, ce qui sugg\u00e8re que le comportement de sommeil est profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9 dans notre g\u00e9nome.<\/p>\n

Peu de comportements sont aussi inn\u00e9s que le sommeil. M\u00eame les mammif\u00e8res les plus primitifs ont des rythmes circadiens qui incluent des heures de sommeil r\u00e9guli\u00e8res. Cependant, de nombreuses personnes modernes supposent que nos anc\u00eatres dormaient mieux et plus longtemps que nous. Apr\u00e8s tout, il n’y avait pas de r\u00e9veil et il n’y avait pas grand-chose \u00e0 faire la nuit avant l’invention de l’\u00e9clairage moderne ! La recherche moderne a toutefois infirm\u00e9 cette hypoth\u00e8se, sugg\u00e9rant que les cultures pr\u00e9industrielles dormaient en moyenne aussi longtemps que les cultures post-industrielles, avec des horaires et des variations saisonni\u00e8res tr\u00e8s similaires.<\/p>\n

Combien de temps les anciens dormaient-ils ?<\/h2>\n

Si une grande partie du monde s’est modernis\u00e9e, il existe encore des endroits o\u00f9 les gens ont le m\u00eame mode de vie que nos anc\u00eatres les plus anciens. Alors que nous vivons dans une \u00e8re post-industrielle, il existe en Tanzanie, en Namibie et en Bolivie des tribus de chasseurs-cueilleurs qui m\u00e8nent un mode de vie similaire \u00e0 celui de tous les humains avant l’av\u00e8nement de l’industrie moderne. Ces tribus donnent un aper\u00e7u des comportements des populations d’il y a des milliers d’ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que ces tribus ont des habitudes de sommeil \u00e9tonnamment similaires aux n\u00f4tres<\/a>. Comme les humains modernes, ils dorment en moyenne plusieurs heures de moins que la dur\u00e9e recommand\u00e9e, soit en moyenne 5,7 \u00e0 7,1 heures par nuit. En outre, le moment o\u00f9 ils dorment est similaire, de plusieurs heures apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit jusqu’\u00e0 peu avant l’aube. D’une mani\u00e8re ou d’une autre, ces tribus se l\u00e8vent t\u00f4t et manquent de sommeil, m\u00eame sans l’aide de r\u00e9veils, une astuce que beaucoup d’hommes modernes aimeraient apprendre.<\/p>\n

Le rythme circadien des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s pr\u00e9industrielles<\/h2>\n

\"Sleep<\/a>Les d\u00e9tails du sommeil dans ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sembleront tr\u00e8s familiers aux gens d’aujourd’hui. Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s pr\u00e9industrielles s’endorment bien apr\u00e8s la tomb\u00e9e de la nuit et dorment sans interruption jusqu’\u00e0 l’aube, lorsque la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures incite le corps \u00e0 commencer \u00e0 produire du cortisol et d’autres hormones associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l’\u00e9veil. L’exposition \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re est maximale le matin et diminue ensuite tout au long de la journ\u00e9e, car ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s recherchent uniform\u00e9ment des endroits ombrag\u00e9s et frais pour travailler l’apr\u00e8s-midi. Les gens faisaient la sieste \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s \u00e0 la m\u00eame fr\u00e9quence que dans les groupes modernes, et dormaient moins en \u00e9t\u00e9 qu’en hiver, comme nous le faisons.<\/p>\n

Cependant, il existe quelques diff\u00e9rences essentielles entre les habitudes de sommeil modernes et celles des groupes pr\u00e9industriels. L’une d’entre elles concerne la fr\u00e9quence des r\u00e9veils. Dans les r\u00e9gions moins d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es, une personne moyenne dort toute la nuit sans se r\u00e9veiller. En revanche, les personnes modernes sont plus susceptibles de se r\u00e9veiller la nuit<\/a>, en particulier dans les parties du cycle de sommeil o\u00f9 les ondes alpha pr\u00e9dominent.<\/p>\n

Temp\u00e9rature et sommeil<\/h2>\n

La plupart des petites diff\u00e9rences observ\u00e9es entre les groupes pr\u00e9industriels et les groupes modernes peuvent \u00eatre attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature. Pour de nombreuses personnes modernes, la temp\u00e9rature est r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement contr\u00f4l\u00e9e. En revanche, pour les groupes pr\u00e9industriels, la temp\u00e9rature varie tout au long de la journ\u00e9e<\/a>, augmentant r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement le matin et l’apr\u00e8s-midi avant de chuter rapidement l’apr\u00e8s-midi. La temp\u00e9rature ayant un impact consid\u00e9rable<\/a> sur le rythme circadien, cela pourrait expliquer les nuits de sommeil ininterrompu dont jouissaient les peuples pr\u00e9industriels. En outre, il pourrait s’agir d’une cl\u00e9 pour traiter de nombreux troubles du sommeil<\/a>.<\/p>\n

La lutte de l’homme pour obtenir huit bonnes heures de sommeil est apparemment tr\u00e8s ancienne. Cependant, nous pouvons apprendre beaucoup des cultures anciennes sur la fa\u00e7on de maintenir un rythme circadien<\/a> sain. Nos jours de lumi\u00e8re et de temp\u00e9rature r\u00e9guli\u00e8res et uniformes peuvent interf\u00e9rer avec la qualit\u00e9 de notre sommeil nocturne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De nouvelles donn\u00e9es montrent que les cultures pr\u00e9industrielles ont des habitudes de sommeil similaires \u00e0 celles des cultures modernes, ce qui sugg\u00e8re que le comportement de sommeil est profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9 dans notre g\u00e9nome. Peu de comportements sont aussi inn\u00e9s que le sommeil. M\u00eame les mammif\u00e8res les plus primitifs ont des rythmes circadiens qui incluent des […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":23948,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[245,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58282","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chronotype-fr","8":"category-sommeil","9":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUn nouveau regard sur les habitudes de sommeil des anciennes soci\u00e9t\u00e9s tribales – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New data shows that preindustrial cultures have similar sleep patterns to 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