{"id":58260,"date":"2015-09-09T13:30:56","date_gmt":"2015-09-09T13:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/development-of-the-circadian-rhythm-in-infants\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:43:57","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:43:57","slug":"d-veloppement-du-rythme-circadien-chez-les-nourrissons","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/d-veloppement-du-rythme-circadien-chez-les-nourrissons\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9veloppement du rythme circadien chez les nourrissons"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L’insomnie fait partie de la vie d’un b\u00e9b\u00e9. Comme beaucoup de nouveaux parents l’ont remarqu\u00e9, les nouveau-n\u00e9s passent les premi\u00e8res semaines et les premiers mois de leur vie avec une faible notion de la nuit et du jour. Cependant, les b\u00e9b\u00e9s d\u00e9veloppent syst\u00e9matiquement un rythme circadien<\/a> humain normal, c’est-\u00e0-dire un rythme d’environ 24 heures, au cours des premiers mois de leur vie. De nouvelles recherches en chronobiologie<\/a> ont permis de d\u00e9terminer quelques facteurs qui aident les nouveau-n\u00e9s \u00e0 commencer \u00e0 percevoir le jour et la nuit.<\/p>\n

Le sommeil et le cerveau du nouveau-n\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Notre rythme circadien est \u00e9troitement contr\u00f4l\u00e9. Lorsque nos r\u00e9tines per\u00e7oivent la lumi\u00e8re, elles envoient des signaux au noyau suprachiasmatique de l’hypothalamus, qui communique \u00e0 son tour avec la glande pin\u00e9ale. La glande pin\u00e9ale contr\u00f4le la lib\u00e9ration de m\u00e9latonine<\/a>, l’une des hormones qui maintiennent notre rythme circadien.<\/p>\n

Alors que les nouveau-n\u00e9s ont une glande pin\u00e9ale d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, qui est en fait grande pour leur petite taille, ils ne produisent pas assez de m\u00e9latonine, ni de mani\u00e8re constante pendant la nuit. C’est ce qui explique le cycle de sommeil classique bien connu des nouveau-n\u00e9s, dans lequel ils dorment tr\u00e8s peu de temps et \u00e0 des heures bizarres.<\/p>\n

Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente<\/a> sur la chronobiologie des nouveau-n\u00e9s a permis de mieux comprendre ce processus de d\u00e9veloppement d’un rythme circadien. Les b\u00e9b\u00e9s \u00e9tudi\u00e9s ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t des rythmes quotidiens de temp\u00e9rature, de comportement social et de fluctuation de l’\u00e9veil, mais les habitudes de sommeil ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les derni\u00e8res \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper. Les niveaux de m\u00e9latonine du soir sont devenus suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9s pour que les b\u00e9b\u00e9s s’endorment \u00e0 l’heure du coucher familial vers le 60e jour de vie.<\/p>\n

C’est \u00e9galement \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que les pleurs violents et les coliques disparaissent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d’eux-m\u00eames. Les m\u00e9decins pensent que la m\u00e9latonine peut \u00eatre \u00e0 l’origine de la fin des pleurs nocturnes et de l’adoption d’habitudes de sommeil plus respectueuses des parents.<\/p>\n

Lait maternel et m\u00e9latonine<\/h2>\n

\"Development<\/a>Cependant, il y a de l’espoir pour les parents qui luttent contre les 60 premiers jours et les horaires bizarres qui en d\u00e9coulent. Bien que les nourrissons ne produisent pas suffisamment de m\u00e9latonine pour s’endormir seuls, ils disposent d’une autre source : le lait maternel<\/a>. La m\u00e9latonine de la m\u00e8re est pr\u00e9sente dans son lait. Cela peut aider les b\u00e9b\u00e9s allait\u00e9s \u00e0 dormir plus profond\u00e9ment et r\u00e9duire le nombre d’heures pass\u00e9es \u00e0 promener un nouveau-n\u00e9 inconsolable. Certains m\u00e9decins et chercheurs en biologie circadienne<\/a> sugg\u00e8rent m\u00eame qu’une suppl\u00e9mentation en m\u00e9latonine au cours des premi\u00e8res semaines peut pr\u00e9venir les coliques tout en aidant le nourrisson \u00e0 passer plus rapidement \u00e0 un rythme circadien mature. Toutefois, cette question fait encore l’objet de recherches et aucun parent ne devrait donner de suppl\u00e9ments \u00e0 son b\u00e9b\u00e9 sans l’approbation d’un m\u00e9decin.<\/p>\n

Le rythme circadien chez les nourrissons : Un espoir pour les nouveaux parents<\/h2>\n

Tant que l’innocuit\u00e9 de la suppl\u00e9mentation en m\u00e9latonine chez les nourrissons n’aura pas fait l’objet d’\u00e9tudes approfondies, il y a de la lumi\u00e8re au bout du tunnel pour les nouveaux parents qui aspirent \u00e0 une bonne nuit de sommeil. Il existe des moyens d’aider les nourrissons \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper un rythme circadien le plus rapidement possible. Tout d’abord, le fait d’\u00e9teindre les lumi\u00e8res \u00e0 l’heure du coucher, y compris les t\u00e9l\u00e9viseurs et autres \u00e9crans, encouragera les nouveau-n\u00e9s \u00e0 commencer \u00e0 percevoir la nuit comme un moment de sommeil. De m\u00eame, la r\u00e9duction des bruits ambiants et des interactions sociales peut contribuer \u00e0 encourager l’id\u00e9e que la nuit est un moment de sommeil et non de jeu. Il faut deux \u00e0 trois mois au cerveau du nourrisson pour d\u00e9velopper la capacit\u00e9 de produire de la m\u00e9latonine aux niveaux n\u00e9cessaires au sommeil, mais ces signaux environnementaux et sociaux l’y aideront.<\/p>\n

Il est important pour tous, y compris les b\u00e9b\u00e9s et leurs parents, d’avoir un rythme circadien sain. Bien que les nouveau-n\u00e9s semblent mettre du temps \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper leur horloge interne de 24 heures, les parents peuvent les encourager \u00e0 dormir la nuit en les allaitant et en modifiant leur environnement pour qu’il favorise le sommeil nocturne.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’insomnie fait partie de la vie d’un b\u00e9b\u00e9. Comme beaucoup de nouveaux parents l’ont remarqu\u00e9, les nouveau-n\u00e9s passent les premi\u00e8res semaines et les premiers mois de leur vie avec une faible notion de la nuit et du jour. Cependant, les b\u00e9b\u00e9s d\u00e9veloppent syst\u00e9matiquement un rythme circadien humain normal, c’est-\u00e0-dire un rythme d’environ 24 heures, au […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23800,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[256,258,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58260","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melatonine","8":"category-sante-de-la-femme","9":"category-sommeil","10":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9veloppement du rythme circadien chez les nourrissons – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As many new parents have noticed, newborns spend their first few weeks and months with little concept of night and day. 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