{"id":58258,"date":"2015-09-04T19:27:55","date_gmt":"2015-09-04T19:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/frequent-flyers-beware-too-much-travel-has-consequences\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:43:54","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:43:54","slug":"attention-aux-grands-voyageurs-trop-voyager-a-des-cons-quences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/attention-aux-grands-voyageurs-trop-voyager-a-des-cons-quences\/","title":{"rendered":"Attention aux grands voyageurs : Trop voyager a des cons\u00e9quences"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L’homme moderne est plus mobile que jamais. Alors qu’il fut un temps o\u00f9 la plupart des gens ne s’\u00e9loignaient jamais de leur lieu de naissance, nous pouvons aujourd’hui visiter diff\u00e9rents pays et m\u00eame diff\u00e9rents continents pour le prix d’un billet d’avion. Cette hypermobilit\u00e9 a facilit\u00e9 les affaires et les loisirs, mais les chercheurs en chronobiologie<\/a> estiment qu’elle peut avoir de graves cons\u00e9quences sur la sant\u00e9 humaine.<\/p>\n

Le d\u00e9calage horaire : Un risque moderne pour la sant\u00e9 publique ?<\/h2>\n

La plupart des gens connaissent le d\u00e9calage horaire ; des \u00e9tudes estiment que jusqu’\u00e0 93 % d’entre nous en ont souffert \u00e0 un moment ou \u00e0 un autre<\/a>. La plupart des gens connaissent la sensation famili\u00e8re de groggy et d’\u00e9puisement que l’on ressent apr\u00e8s avoir travers\u00e9 des fuseaux horaires.<\/p>\n

Cependant, le d\u00e9calage horaire peut avoir des effets plus graves que la fatigue. De nombreuses personnes souffrent d’un changement d’app\u00e9tit, d’insomnie, de maux de t\u00eate et m\u00eame de d\u00e9pression. Lorsqu’une personne voyage r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, la perturbation perp\u00e9tuelle de son rythme circadien, c’est-\u00e0-dire de son horloge biologique de 24 heures environ, peut l’exposer \u00e0 un risque accru de maladie. En outre, les perturbations r\u00e9guli\u00e8res du rythme circadien augmentent les risques d’accidents<\/a>, tant au travail que sur la route. Le d\u00e9calage horaire n’est peut-\u00eatre pas seulement un inconv\u00e9nient, mais un risque pour la sant\u00e9 publique.<\/p>\n

Hypermobilit\u00e9 et sant\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Une nouvelle \u00e9tude<\/a> a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les effets de l’hypermobilit\u00e9 et des d\u00e9placements r\u00e9guliers pourraient avoir une port\u00e9e encore plus grande que ce que les chercheurs pensaient jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent. Selon cette \u00e9tude de chronobiologie, le d\u00e9calage horaire et les autres changements physiques associ\u00e9s aux voyages peuvent avoir des effets qui vont au-del\u00e0 de l’insomnie et des taux d’accidents. La digestion et la sant\u00e9 gastro-intestinale<\/a> sont affect\u00e9es par les voyages, tout comme le syst\u00e8me immunitaire. En fait, les g\u00e8nes qui contr\u00f4lent le syst\u00e8me immunitaire sont d\u00e9sactiv\u00e9s en cas de d\u00e9calage horaire.<\/p>\n

Ces changements ne sont pas n\u00e9cessairement de courte dur\u00e9e. Si l’on ressent les effets du voyage jusqu’\u00e0 six jours apr\u00e8s un changement de fuseau horaire, les effets physiologiques peuvent durer jusqu’\u00e0 11 jours. Lorsque l’on voyage souvent, ces effets cumulatifs peuvent avoir des cons\u00e9quences graves et \u00e0 long terme sur la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Effets physiques du voyage<\/h2>\n

\"Frequent<\/a>Outre le d\u00e9calage horaire et ses effets connexes, les voyages posent d’autres probl\u00e8mes physiques. Dans les avions et les h\u00f4tels, l’humidit\u00e9 de l’air<\/a> avoisine les 10 %, ce qui est plus sec qu’un d\u00e9sert et bien en de\u00e7\u00e0 des 50 % optimaux pour la sant\u00e9 humaine. Cela peut conduire \u00e0 la d\u00e9shydratation, qui a des effets n\u00e9gatifs m\u00eame \u00e0 court terme.<\/p>\n

En outre, les personnes qui voyagent sont plus susceptibles d’\u00eatre expos\u00e9es aux germes<\/a>. Les avions et les autres moyens de transport public rassemblent les gens dans un espace restreint o\u00f9 les micro-organismes en suspension dans l’air se propagent facilement. En outre, les repas pris \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur augmentent le risque de maladies d’origine alimentaire. Si l’on ajoute \u00e0 cela l’affaiblissement du syst\u00e8me immunitaire li\u00e9 au d\u00e9calage horaire, les personnes qui voyagent sont beaucoup plus susceptibles de tomber malades.<\/p>\n

Les changements d’horaire : Plus qu’un inconv\u00e9nient<\/h2>\n

Les voyages ont \u00e9galement tendance \u00e0 entra\u00eener des changements d’horaires. Manger, dormir et \u00eatre expos\u00e9 \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 des heures diff\u00e9rentes peut avoir des effets n\u00e9fastes sur le rythme circadien. La lumi\u00e8re et la nourriture sont deux signaux importants pour le cerveau, qui lui indiquent l’heure \u00e0 laquelle il est et les substances neurochimiques qui doivent \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9es. Il est facile de d\u00e9synchroniser un rythme circadien en modifiant le moment et la nature des diff\u00e9rents indices.<\/p>\n

Vivre avec l’hypermobilit\u00e9<\/h2>\n

\"FrequentIl n’est pas toujours possible d’\u00e9viter les voyages fr\u00e9quents, mais il existe des moyens d’en att\u00e9nuer les effets biologiques. Les personnes qui voyagent dans d’autres fuseaux horaires devraient commencer \u00e0 ajuster leurs heures de sommeil avant leur voyage, en retardant ou en acc\u00e9l\u00e9rant l’heure du coucher de 15 minutes par nuit. En outre, un bon lavage des mains, voire le port d’un masque en papier sur la bouche et le nez, peut r\u00e9duire l’exposition aux germes. En prenant soin de boire davantage d’eau, de prendre des repas sains \u00e0 intervalles r\u00e9guliers et de r\u00e9duire l’exposition \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re avant le coucher, on peut \u00e9viter de perturber son rythme circadien tout en pr\u00e9servant une sant\u00e9 optimale.<\/p>\n

La recherche en chronobiologie permet de d\u00e9couvrir de nouvelles fa\u00e7ons dont un rythme circadien<\/a> sain est essentiel \u00e0 une bonne sant\u00e9. Ces connaissances sont utilis\u00e9es pour trouver de nouveaux moyens de rester en bonne sant\u00e9 malgr\u00e9 un mode de vie moderne tr\u00e8s actif. Si la plupart des gens sont amen\u00e9s \u00e0 voyager ou \u00e0 changer de fuseau horaire \u00e0 un moment ou \u00e0 un autre de leur vie, il existe des moyens de rester en bonne sant\u00e9 m\u00eame en cas de difficult\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’homme moderne est plus mobile que jamais. Alors qu’il fut un temps o\u00f9 la plupart des gens ne s’\u00e9loignaient jamais de leur lieu de naissance, nous pouvons aujourd’hui visiter diff\u00e9rents pays et m\u00eame diff\u00e9rents continents pour le prix d’un billet d’avion. Cette hypermobilit\u00e9 a facilit\u00e9 les affaires et les loisirs, mais les chercheurs en chronobiologie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23788,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[246,250,174,253,259,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58258","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energie-fr","8":"category-flore-intestinale","9":"category-le-rythme-circadien","10":"category-metabolisme","11":"category-sante-mentale","12":"category-sommeil","13":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAttention aux grands voyageurs : Trop voyager a des cons\u00e9quences – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modern people are more mobile than ever. 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