{"id":58244,"date":"2015-08-07T17:38:13","date_gmt":"2015-08-07T17:38:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/how-men-and-women-respond-differently-to-sleep-deprivation\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:43:38","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:43:38","slug":"les-hommes-et-les-femmes-r-agissent-diff-remment-au-manque-de-sommeil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/les-hommes-et-les-femmes-r-agissent-diff-remment-au-manque-de-sommeil\/","title":{"rendered":"Les hommes et les femmes r\u00e9agissent diff\u00e9remment au manque de sommeil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les effets du manque de sommeil constituent un domaine majeur de la recherche en chronobiologie<\/a>. Le manque de sommeil peut affaiblir le syst\u00e8me immunitaire, augmenter le risque de d\u00e9velopper des maladies chroniques et avoir un effet n\u00e9gatif sur les fonctions neurologiques et cognitives. Toutefois, une nouvelle \u00e9tude sugg\u00e8re que ces effets peuvent d\u00e9pendre en grande partie du sexe de la personne priv\u00e9e de sommeil.<\/p>\n

Qu’arrive-t-il \u00e0 un cerveau priv\u00e9 de sommeil ?<\/h2>\n

Lesommeil est le moment o\u00f9 le cerveau \u00e9limine les toxines<\/a>, r\u00e9pare les l\u00e9sions cellulaires et induit la production d’hormones qui pr\u00e9parent le corps \u00e0 une nouvelle journ\u00e9e. Le manque de sommeil entra\u00eene un r\u00e9tr\u00e9cissement de certaines zones du cerveau<\/a>, ce qui fait perdre aux personnes qui en souffrent la capacit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er de nouveaux souvenirs, de contr\u00f4ler leurs \u00e9motions, d’\u00e9valuer les risques et bien d’autres choses encore. En outre, les niveaux de m\u00e9latonine<\/a>, de cortisol et d’autres hormones deviennent instables et ne sont pas produits en quantit\u00e9 suffisante au bon moment.<\/p>\n

De nombreuses \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que le cerveau des hommes et des femmes pr\u00e9sente de l\u00e9g\u00e8res diff\u00e9rences, tant au niveau de l’anatomie que du fonctionnement. Il n’est donc pas surprenant qu’une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente sur la biologie circadienne ait r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la r\u00e9action au manque de sommeil est souvent influenc\u00e9e par le sexe.<\/p>\n

Privation de sommeil et comportement \u00e0 risque<\/h2>\n

\"How<\/a>Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente des NIH<\/a> a pris des \u00e9tudiants et les a priv\u00e9s de sommeil avant de leur demander d’effectuer des t\u00e2ches cognitives, notamment de prendre des d\u00e9cisions. Les chercheurs s’attendaient \u00e0 constater des diff\u00e9rences dans la capacit\u00e9 de prise de d\u00e9cision et le comportement de prise de risque, car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que le manque de sommeil entra\u00eene un taux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 d’accidents et de mauvaises d\u00e9cisions. Cependant, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 surpris de constater une grande disparit\u00e9 entre les sexes. Les hommes \u00e9taient plus enclins \u00e0 adopter un comportement risqu\u00e9 lorsqu’ils \u00e9taient priv\u00e9s de sommeil, tandis que les femmes devenaient plus r\u00e9ticentes \u00e0 prendre des risques. Les deux groupes ont montr\u00e9 un changement marqu\u00e9 dans leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 g\u00e9rer le risque, mais les changements se sont produits dans des directions oppos\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Les femmes ont tendance \u00e0 avoir une plus grande aversion pour le risque en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/a>, ce qui serait d\u00fb aux diff\u00e9rences entre les sexes en ce qui concerne les zones du cortex pr\u00e9frontal du cerveau qui sont activ\u00e9es. Le cortex pr\u00e9frontal est une r\u00e9gion situ\u00e9e \u00e0 l’avant du cerveau qui contr\u00f4le les impulsions et aide les gens \u00e0 prendre des d\u00e9cisions judicieuses. Les chercheurs pensent que le manque de sommeil affecte ces zones diff\u00e9remment. Cependant, d’autres diff\u00e9rences plus subtiles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es. Les femmes, par exemple, devenaient plus altruistes lorsqu’elles \u00e9taient priv\u00e9es de sommeil, ce qui n’\u00e9tait pas le cas des hommes. Il s’agit d’une petite \u00e9tude, avec un peu plus de 30 participants, et des recherches plus approfondies seront donc n\u00e9cessaires pour mettre au point ces d\u00e9tails.<\/p>\n

Pression art\u00e9rielle et hormones<\/h2>\n

Cette \u00e9tude n’est pas la seule \u00e0 examiner les diff\u00e9rences de r\u00e9action au manque de sommeil en fonction du sexe. Une autre \u00e9tude du NIH<\/a> s’est pench\u00e9e sur les raisons pour lesquelles les femmes sont plus susceptibles de souffrir d’hypertension, \u00e9galement connue sous le nom de tension art\u00e9rielle \u00e9lev\u00e9e, \u00e0 la suite d’un manque de sommeil. Alors que les hommes sont plus sensibles \u00e0 l’hypertension et aux maladies cardiovasculaires en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, les femmes sont plus susceptibles de d\u00e9velopper une hypertension art\u00e9rielle \u00e0 la suite d’un manque de sommeil chronique.<\/p>\n

Le m\u00e9canisme biochimique exact n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9, mais les chercheurs supposent que les hormones f\u00e9minines telles que l’\u0153strog\u00e8ne et la progest\u00e9rone pourraient \u00eatre le cha\u00eenon manquant. Ces hormones deviennent moins stables lorsque les femmes sont priv\u00e9es de sommeil, ce qui peut provoquer une r\u00e9action de \u00ab\u00a0lutte ou de fuite\u00a0\u00bb dans le syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique. Le syst\u00e8me nerveux sympathique est une partie du syst\u00e8me nerveux qui r\u00e9agit au stress et au danger en pr\u00e9parant le corps \u00e0 une activit\u00e9 physique intense. Cette r\u00e9action comprend la lib\u00e9ration \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle d’\u00e9pin\u00e9phrine, une hormone de stress \u00e9galement connue sous le nom d’adr\u00e9naline, qui fait monter la tension art\u00e9rielle.<\/p>\n

\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que seulement 30 % des adultes am\u00e9ricains b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de la quantit\u00e9 de sommeil n\u00e9cessaire, il est important de comprendre ce qui se passe dans l’organisme priv\u00e9 de sommeil et comment ces effets peuvent \u00eatre att\u00e9nu\u00e9s avec succ\u00e8s. Toutefois, ces nouvelles \u00e9tudes en chronobiologie mettent \u00e9galement en \u00e9vidence des diff\u00e9rences nouvelles et int\u00e9ressantes entre les r\u00e9actions de l’organisme masculin et f\u00e9minin \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents facteurs de stress.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les effets du manque de sommeil constituent un domaine majeur de la recherche en chronobiologie. Le manque de sommeil peut affaiblir le syst\u00e8me immunitaire, augmenter le risque de d\u00e9velopper des maladies chroniques et avoir un effet n\u00e9gatif sur les fonctions neurologiques et cognitives. Toutefois, une nouvelle \u00e9tude sugg\u00e8re que ces effets peuvent d\u00e9pendre en grande […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23700,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[256,252,258,249,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58244","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melatonine","8":"category-sante-de-lhomme","9":"category-sante-de-la-femme","10":"category-sante-du-coeur","11":"category-sommeil","12":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes hommes et les femmes r\u00e9agissent diff\u00e9remment au manque de sommeil – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sleep deprivation can lower the immune system, increase the risk of developing chronic disease, and have a negative effect on neurological and cognitive function. 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