{"id":58232,"date":"2015-07-17T17:29:39","date_gmt":"2015-07-17T17:29:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/reverse-seasonal-affective-disorder-the-summertime-blues\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:42:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:42:27","slug":"inverser-le-trouble-affectif-saisonnier-le-blues-de-l-t","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/inverser-le-trouble-affectif-saisonnier-le-blues-de-l-t\/","title":{"rendered":"Inverser le trouble affectif saisonnier : Le blues de l’\u00e9t\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b>La plupart des gens ont entendu parler des troubles affectifs saisonniers<\/a> ou de la d\u00e9pression hivernale. Cependant, certaines personnes pr\u00e9sentent des sympt\u00f4mes similaires pendant les mois chauds. Les chercheurs \u00e9tudient plus en d\u00e9tail le trouble affectif saisonnier inverse, ou d\u00e9pression estivale. De nouvelles \u00e9tudes en chronobiologie<\/a> sugg\u00e8rent qu’il existe une base biochimique tr\u00e8s r\u00e9elle pour ce probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 courant.<\/p>\n

Le lien entre l’\u00e9t\u00e9 et la d\u00e9pression<\/h2>\n

Alfred Lewy, professeur de psychiatrie \u00e0 l’Oregon Health and Sciences University de Portland (Oregon), estime qu’il existe deux liens<\/a> entre le climat estival et la d\u00e9pression : l’un est li\u00e9 \u00e0 l’humidit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la temp\u00e9rature, l’autre au niveau d’ensoleillement. Cette observation est confirm\u00e9e par des m\u00e9decins de l’\u00e9cole de m\u00e9decine de l’universit\u00e9 de Georgetown et de l’\u00e9cole de m\u00e9decine de l’universit\u00e9 de Pittsburgh.<\/p>\n

Si de nombreuses personnes ont observ\u00e9 qu’elles se sentaient plus d\u00e9prim\u00e9es pendant les mois d’\u00e9t\u00e9, ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 ignor\u00e9 par les chercheurs jusqu’\u00e0 ce que la question soit \u00e9tudi\u00e9e par ceux qui ont eux-m\u00eames connu une angoisse mentale en raison de l’ensoleillement estival incessant. Toutefois, les chercheurs estiment que 4 \u00e0 6 % de la population souffre de troubles affectifs saisonniers invers\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Comment l’\u00e9t\u00e9 peut-il provoquer une d\u00e9pression ?<\/h2>\n

\"Reverse<\/a>Comme le dit Ellen Frank, professeur de psychologie et de psychiatrie \u00e0 la facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine de l’universit\u00e9 de Pittsburgh :<\/p>\n

\n

\u00ab\u00a0Je me suis toujours sentie mal et sans \u00e9nergie en \u00e9t\u00e9 et pleine d’\u00e9nergie en hiver\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Selon des chercheurs en biologie circadienne, unexc\u00e8s de soleil<\/a> peut entra\u00eener des d\u00e9ficits en m\u00e9latonine<\/a>. Les personnes qui ont besoin d’une plus grande obscurit\u00e9 pour produire cette hormone, essentielle \u00e0 un sommeil de qualit\u00e9 et \u00e0 de bonnes fonctions cognitives, peuvent en souffrir en \u00e9t\u00e9, lorsque l’ensoleillement se prolonge jusque tard dans la nuit.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e9latonine est cr\u00e9\u00e9e et lib\u00e9r\u00e9e par la glande pin\u00e9ale lorsque le noyau suprachiasmatique de l’hypothalamus \u00e9met des signaux en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 un manque de lumi\u00e8re. Cependant, un exc\u00e8s de lumi\u00e8re peut emp\u00eacher le cerveau de produire suffisamment de m\u00e9latonine pour assurer un sommeil sain, ce qui provoque toute une s\u00e9rie de sympt\u00f4mes d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ables.<\/p>\n

Les sympt\u00f4mes de la d\u00e9pression estivale ne se limitent pas aux troubles du sommeil. Comme la m\u00e9latonine r\u00e9git toute une s\u00e9rie de processus biochimiques, ces personnes peuvent souffrir d’une perte ou d’un gain de poids, d’anxi\u00e9t\u00e9, de d\u00e9pression et d’une perte d’app\u00e9tit, en plus de leurs difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 dormir.<\/p>\n

Routines d’\u00e9t\u00e9 et blues d’\u00e9t\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Outre les probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’obtention d’un taux de m\u00e9latonine suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour assurer un sommeil sain, l’\u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sente un autre d\u00e9fi majeur<\/a> pour le rythme circadien : les changements d’horaires. L’instauration de routines saines est l’une des principales m\u00e9thodes de traitement de la d\u00e9pression, car elle contribue \u00e0 normaliser les substances neurochimiques telles que la m\u00e9latonine et la s\u00e9rotonine, qui favorisent une chimie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale saine.<\/p>\n

En \u00e9t\u00e9, les enfants rentrent de l’\u00e9cole, les vacances sont prises et de nombreuses personnes adaptent leurs horaires de travail ou prennent des cong\u00e9s pour profiter du beau temps. Cela peut perturber les horaires de repas, les horaires de sommeil et d’autres horaires importants qui aident \u00e0 d\u00e9clencher la production de m\u00e9latonine dans le corps. Cela peut entra\u00eener une d\u00e9pression et toute une s\u00e9rie de sympt\u00f4mes.<\/p>\n

Lever de soleil : Le rem\u00e8de \u00e0 la d\u00e9pression saisonni\u00e8re invers\u00e9e ?<\/h2>\n

\"Reverse<\/a>Plusieurs m\u00e9decins sugg\u00e8rent que le rem\u00e8de <\/a>\u00e0 la d\u00e9pression estivale pourrait \u00eatre simple : regarder le lever du soleil. La plupart des hypoth\u00e8ses portent sur l’effet de la lumi\u00e8re sur le rythme circadien, c’est-\u00e0-dire sur notre horloge interne de 24 heures. L’hypoth\u00e8se du d\u00e9phasage veut que les cycles de lumi\u00e8re et d’obscurit\u00e9 soient d\u00e9r\u00e9gl\u00e9s lorsque le jour et la nuit ne sont pas parfaitement adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 l’horloge interne d’une personne, comme c’est le cas en \u00e9t\u00e9 lorsque le soleil se l\u00e8ve t\u00f4t et se couche tard.<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes sur la biologie circadienne ont d’ailleurs \u00e9tay\u00e9 cette hypoth\u00e8se. Lorsque les personnes souffrant de troubles affectifs saisonniers invers\u00e9s se l\u00e8vent t\u00f4t et exposent leur visage \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re vive du lever du soleil, les sympt\u00f4mes des troubles affectifs saisonniers invers\u00e9s sont souvent att\u00e9nu\u00e9s, voire disparaissent compl\u00e8tement.<\/p>\n

La lumi\u00e8re du matin d\u00e9cale l’horloge biologique plus t\u00f4t et la lumi\u00e8re du soir d\u00e9cale l’horloge biologique plus tard. Dans une \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2006, des chercheurs ont \u00e9tabli qu’un d\u00e9calage de l’horloge biologique jouait un r\u00f4le important dans la d\u00e9pression hivernale, ce qui sugg\u00e8re qu’il pourrait \u00e9galement jouer un r\u00f4le dans la d\u00e9pression estivale. Ce trouble affectif saisonnier invers\u00e9 peut \u00eatre ressenti par certaines personnes comme un d\u00e9calage horaire de cinq mois.<\/p>\n

Laluminoth\u00e9rapie<\/a> pratiqu\u00e9e au bon moment de la journ\u00e9e, par exemple \u00e0 5 h 45, peut ramener ce rythme circadien \u00e0 un rythme plus sain et att\u00e9nuer bon nombre des sympt\u00f4mes de ce trouble. Cela peut mettre fin \u00e0 la d\u00e9pression estivale. En outre, le fait de se lever t\u00f4t pour voir le soleil se lever peut aider de nombreuses personnes \u00e0 conserver un emploi du temps plus stable pendant l’\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9pression, le trouble affectif saisonnier et d’autres troubles de l’humeur peuvent \u00eatre difficiles \u00e0 traiter. Cependant, la recherche en chronobiologie aide les m\u00e9decins \u00e0 traiter plus efficacement les patients souffrant de ces troubles et d’autres probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9. Dans de nombreux cas, des traitements de bon sens et rentables, tels que regarder le lever du soleil, peuvent aider les gens \u00e0 se sentir mieux et \u00e0 profiter des mois chauds.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La plupart des gens ont entendu parler des troubles affectifs saisonniers ou de la d\u00e9pression hivernale. Cependant, certaines personnes pr\u00e9sentent des sympt\u00f4mes similaires pendant les mois chauds. Les chercheurs \u00e9tudient plus en d\u00e9tail le trouble affectif saisonnier inverse, ou d\u00e9pression estivale. De nouvelles \u00e9tudes en chronobiologie sugg\u00e8rent qu’il existe une base biochimique tr\u00e8s r\u00e9elle pour […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[246,256,259,255,251],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58232","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energie-fr","8":"category-melatonine","9":"category-sante-mentale","10":"category-sommeil","11":"category-therapie-par-la-lumiere","12":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nInverser le trouble affectif saisonnier : Le blues de l'\u00e9t\u00e9 – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Most people have heard of seasonal affective disorder, or the winter blues. 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