{"id":58228,"date":"2015-07-10T19:20:49","date_gmt":"2015-07-10T19:20:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/autism-and-circadian-sleep-disorders-go-hand-in-hand\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:42:22","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:42:22","slug":"autisme-et-troubles-circadiens-du-sommeil-vont-de-pair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/autisme-et-troubles-circadiens-du-sommeil-vont-de-pair\/","title":{"rendered":"Autisme et troubles circadiens du sommeil vont de pair"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les troubles du spectre autistique affectent un pourcentage important et croissant d’enfants dans le monde occidental. Les troubles du sommeil circadien constituent l’un des principaux probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l’autisme.<\/p>\n

Autisme et troubles du sommeil circadien<\/h2>\n

Environ 60 \u00e0 80 % des enfants<\/a> autistes pr\u00e9sentent un trouble du sommeil circadien<\/a>. Certains ont des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 s’endormir, d’autres \u00e0 rester endormis. Cela peut poser d’\u00e9normes probl\u00e8mes aux familles, car ces enfants doivent \u00eatre constamment surveill\u00e9s lorsqu’ils sont \u00e9veill\u00e9s. Les enfants souffrent physiquement et comportementalement du manque de sommeil, tandis que les parents ont plus de mal \u00e0 faire face aux d\u00e9fis uniques d’un enfant \u00e0 besoins sp\u00e9cifiques lorsqu’ils sont priv\u00e9s de sommeil.<\/p>\n

Synth\u00e8se de la m\u00e9latonine chez les personnes atteintes de troubles du spectre autistique<\/h2>\n

\"Autism<\/a>La m\u00e9latonine<\/a> est une hormone majeure associ\u00e9e au sommeil, produite par la glande pin\u00e9ale en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l’obscurit\u00e9. Un faible taux de m\u00e9latonine a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9 depuis longtemps chez les personnes autistes. Les chercheurs en chronobiologie<\/a> ont d\u00e9couvert qu’une mutation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, dans le g\u00e8ne ASMT, \u00e9tait fr\u00e9quente chez les personnes autistes.<\/p>\n

Ce g\u00e8ne code pour la synth\u00e8se de la m\u00e9latonine, ce qui explique les taux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s de faible m\u00e9latonine<\/a> dans cette population. Comme on pense que la m\u00e9latonine n’affecte pas seulement le sommeil, mais aussi plusieurs aspects du comportement humain, il s’agit d’une avanc\u00e9e significative dans la lutte pour identifier et traiter les causes des troubles du spectre autistique.<\/p>\n

Une nouvelle base g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des troubles du sommeil dans l’autisme<\/h2>\n

Denouvelles recherches<\/a> sugg\u00e8rent qu’il existe d’autres bases g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques solides pour les troubles du sommeil chez les enfants atteints de troubles du spectre autistique. Des chercheurs ont s\u00e9quenc\u00e9 des g\u00e8nes associ\u00e9s au rythme circadien chez des enfants et des adultes autistes. Ils ont d\u00e9couvert que 15 de ces g\u00e8nes critiques pr\u00e9sentaient des mutations, et que sept de ces mutations entra\u00eenaient une diff\u00e9rence fondamentale dans les prot\u00e9ines li\u00e9es aux cycles du sommeil.<\/p>\n

Au total, le groupe de personnes autistes pr\u00e9sentait deux fois plus de mutations que les personnes ne faisant pas partie du spectre. Cela \u00e9tait vrai m\u00eame pour les autistes qui ne souffraient pas de troubles du sommeil. Ces mutations pourraient \u00eatre \u00e0 l’origine non seulement des troubles du sommeil, mais aussi de l’autisme lui-m\u00eame.<\/p>\n

Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que de nombreux parents d’enfants autistes pr\u00e9sentaient ces m\u00eames mutations, m\u00eame s’ils n’\u00e9taient pas atteints d’autisme. Les chercheurs soup\u00e7onnent depuis longtemps l’existence d’une base g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour les troubles du spectre autistique ; cette d\u00e9couverte pourrait constituer une piste importante.<\/p>\n

Une nouvelle voie pour la recherche en chronobiologie<\/h2>\n

Les chercheurs en chronobiologie ont longtemps cherch\u00e9 une base biologique pour les troubles du sommeil chez les personnes autistes, il s’agit donc d’une nouvelle passionnante. Bien que la relation exacte entre ces g\u00e8nes et d’autres sympt\u00f4mes des troubles du spectre autistique soit inconnue, cette d\u00e9couverte ouvre de nouvelles voies de recherche. Les effets de ces mutations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques pourraient aller bien au-del\u00e0 des troubles du sommeil.<\/p>\n

Traitements futurs des troubles circadiens du sommeil chez les personnes autistes<\/h2>\n

\"Autism\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 l’importance de la m\u00e9latonine pour aider les gens \u00e0 s’endormir et \u00e0 rester endormis, la suppl\u00e9mentation en m\u00e9latonine pourrait \u00eatre la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 de nombreux probl\u00e8mes de sommeil li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’autisme. Des chercheurs en chronobiologie ont constat\u00e9 que de faibles doses de m\u00e9latonine aidaient \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre de nombreux troubles du sommeil chez les enfants autistes. Aucun effet secondaire n’a \u00e9t\u00e9 signal\u00e9, mais le sommeil s’est consid\u00e9rablement am\u00e9lior\u00e9. Des enfants \u00e2g\u00e9s de quatre ans seulement ont b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d’une th\u00e9rapie \u00e0 la m\u00e9latonine.<\/p>\n

Bien que les chercheurs soient loin d’avoir trouv\u00e9 un rem\u00e8de \u00e0 l’autisme, ces d\u00e9couvertes sont porteuses d’espoir pour les personnes atteintes d’autisme et les proches qui s’en occupent. En outre, le lien entre l’autisme et ces mutations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9couvertes donnera aux chercheurs en biologie circadienne un nouveau domaine \u00e0 \u00e9tudier pour mieux comprendre ce trouble neurologique courant.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les troubles du spectre autistique affectent un pourcentage important et croissant d’enfants dans le monde occidental. Les troubles du sommeil circadien constituent l’un des principaux probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 associ\u00e9s \u00e0 l’autisme. Autisme et troubles du sommeil circadien Environ 60 \u00e0 80 % des enfants autistes pr\u00e9sentent un trouble du sommeil circadien. Certains ont des difficult\u00e9s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23600,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[256,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58228","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melatonine","8":"category-sommeil","9":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAutisme et troubles circadiens du sommeil vont de pair – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Autism spectrum disorders affect a large and growing percentage of children in the Western world. 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