{"id":58202,"date":"2015-05-15T18:06:27","date_gmt":"2015-05-15T18:06:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/asthma-symptoms-show-a-circadian-rhythm\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:41:52","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:41:52","slug":"l-asthme-les-sympt-mes-montrent-un-rythme-circadien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/l-asthme-les-sympt-mes-montrent-un-rythme-circadien\/","title":{"rendered":"L’asthme : Les sympt\u00f4mes montrent un rythme circadien"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un Am\u00e9ricain sur douze souffre d’asthme, une maladie inflammatoire des voies respiratoires dont le co\u00fbt est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 56 milliards de dollars<\/a> aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Non seulement le taux d’incidence de la maladie augmente r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, mais la gravit\u00e9 des sympt\u00f4mes s’accro\u00eet \u00e9galement. Traiter efficacement l’asthme est un d\u00e9fi de taille pour les m\u00e9decins.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, une nouvelle d\u00e9couverte dans le domaine de la chronobiologie<\/a> pourrait permettre un traitement plus efficace de l’asthme. On sait depuis longtemps que les sympt\u00f4mes de l’asthme suivent un rythme saisonnier, s’aggravant \u00e0 certaines p\u00e9riodes de l’ann\u00e9e. Aujourd’hui, nous savons \u00e9galement qu’ils suivent un rythme circadien<\/a>, s’aggravant \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments de la journ\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Le rythme circadien de l’asthme<\/h2>\n

Les sympt\u00f4mes del’asthme<\/a> s’aggravent la nuit, en particulier tard dans la nuit et t\u00f4t le matin. Cela est probablement d\u00fb \u00e0 plusieurs facteurs. Tout d’abord, la fonction pulmonaire suit un rythme diurne<\/a>, avec une am\u00e9lioration de la fonction pulmonaire pendant la journ\u00e9e. Cela est probablement d\u00fb \u00e0 un besoin accru, car la plupart des gens pratiquent une activit\u00e9 intense pendant les heures de clart\u00e9. Deuxi\u00e8mement, l’inflammation, l’une des principales causes des sympt\u00f4mes de l’asthme, suit un rythme circadien dans lequel davantage de mol\u00e9cules inflammatoires sont lib\u00e9r\u00e9es la nuit. La diminution de la fonction pulmonaire et l’augmentation de l’inflammation contribuent tr\u00e8s probablement \u00e0 l’augmentation des sympt\u00f4mes de l’asthme la nuit.<\/p>\n

Variation diurne des sympt\u00f4mes de l’asthme<\/h2>\n

\"Asthma,<\/a>Dans quelle mesure les sympt\u00f4mes de l’asthme varient-ils sur une p\u00e9riode de 24 heures ? 74 % des personnes asthmatiques se r\u00e9veillent au moins une fois par semaine au petit matin avec des sympt\u00f4mes tels qu’une respiration sifflante et un essoufflement. 40 % d’entre elles d\u00e9clarent ressentir ces sympt\u00f4mes chaque nuit. Les d\u00e9c\u00e8s dus \u00e0 l’asthme sont \u00e9galement plus susceptibles de survenir en fin de nuit ou t\u00f4t le matin. Pour de nombreuses personnes souffrant d’asthme, respirer t\u00f4t le matin est leur plus grand probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9. Les sympt\u00f4mes matinaux repr\u00e9sentent donc un d\u00e9fi de taille pour les professionnels de la sant\u00e9 charg\u00e9s de traiter les patients asthmatiques.<\/p>\n

Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente publi\u00e9e dans le journal ChronoPhysiology and Therapy<\/em> a examin\u00e9 de plus pr\u00e8s la fonction pulmonaire nocturne afin d’identifier la cause de la diminution de la fonction pulmonaire pendant la nuit. Un groupe de rats a \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis \u00e0 un programme \u00e9troitement contr\u00f4l\u00e9, avec exactement 12 heures de lumi\u00e8re et d’obscurit\u00e9. L’expression de leurs g\u00e8nes a \u00e9t\u00e9 soigneusement mesur\u00e9e de jour comme de nuit. Les chercheurs ont constat\u00e9 que l’expression des g\u00e8nes li\u00e9s aux facteurs de croissance, au m\u00e9tabolisme et \u00e0 l’inflammation variait de mani\u00e8re significative et fiable au cours d’une journ\u00e9e de 24 heures.<\/p>\n

Un espoir pour le traitement de l’asthme<\/h2>\n

Cette variation diurne de<\/a> l’expression des g\u00e8nes, r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9couverte,<\/a> est porteuse d’espoir pour les personnes qui luttent pour g\u00e9rer les sympt\u00f4mes de l’asthme. Elle sugg\u00e8re que les sympt\u00f4mes nocturnes de l’asthme pourraient un jour \u00eatre trait\u00e9s efficacement en ciblant ces voies. En outre, l’inflammation chronique des voies respiratoires, ou l’asthme constant sans variation circadienne, pourrait \u00eatre due \u00e0 des perturbations des voies qui contr\u00f4lent le rythme circadien. De nouvelles \u00e9tudes devront examiner ces informations et leurs applications possibles.<\/p>\n

Chronoth\u00e9rapie pour l’asthme : Une nouvelle approche<\/h2>\n

\"Asthma,<\/a>Alors que de futures \u00e9tudes seront n\u00e9cessaires pour tester de nouveaux m\u00e9dicaments ciblant les voies inflammatoires, il y a une le\u00e7on importante \u00e0 tirer de cette r\u00e9cente \u00e9tude. Les m\u00e9dicaments contre l’asthme peuvent \u00eatre plus efficaces pour pr\u00e9venir les crises s’ils sont administr\u00e9s \u00e0 certains moments de la journ\u00e9e<\/a>. L’adaptation des m\u00e9dicaments et des th\u00e9rapies au rythme circadien naturel, ou chronoth\u00e9rapie, est un domaine relativement nouveau des soins de sant\u00e9 qui a fait ses preuves pour d’autres maladies qui varient sur 24 heures.<\/p>\n

Les m\u00e9dicaments contre l’asthme sont class\u00e9s en deux cat\u00e9gories : Les m\u00e9dicaments qui pr\u00e9viennent les crises et les m\u00e9dicaments de secours qui sont pris lorsqu’une crise se produit. Les m\u00e9dicaments pr\u00e9ventifs sont souvent pris une fois par jour. Toutefois, il peut s’av\u00e9rer plus efficace de programmer la prise de ce m\u00e9dicament de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que les concentrations soient plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es la nuit et plus faibles le jour, car cela permet d’arr\u00eater les sympt\u00f4mes au moment o\u00f9 ils sont le plus susceptibles de se manifester.<\/p>\n

Vivre avec l’asthme est un d\u00e9fi pour de nombreuses personnes ; pr\u00e9venir les sympt\u00f4mes de l’asthme est un d\u00e9fi pour les prestataires de soins de sant\u00e9 et repr\u00e9sente un co\u00fbt \u00e9norme pour notre \u00e9conomie. Les nouvelles d\u00e9couvertes en mati\u00e8re de biologie circadienne et de chronoth\u00e9rapie ouvrent de nouvelles voies pour un traitement de l’asthme plus efficace et mieux cibl\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un Am\u00e9ricain sur douze souffre d’asthme, une maladie inflammatoire des voies respiratoires dont le co\u00fbt est estim\u00e9 \u00e0 56 milliards de dollars aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Non seulement le taux d’incidence de la maladie augmente r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement, mais la gravit\u00e9 des sympt\u00f4mes s’accro\u00eet \u00e9galement. Traiter efficacement l’asthme est un d\u00e9fi de taille pour les m\u00e9decins. Toutefois, une nouvelle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23424,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58202","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-le-rythme-circadien","8":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nL'asthme : Les sympt\u00f4mes montrent un rythme circadien – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Asthma symptoms have long been known to follow a seasonal rhythm, worsening at certain times of the year. 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