{"id":58198,"date":"2015-05-06T19:37:23","date_gmt":"2015-05-06T19:37:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/the-color-of-light-and-your-circadian-rhythm\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:41:47","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:41:47","slug":"la-couleur-de-la-lumi-re-et-votre-rythme-circadien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/la-couleur-de-la-lumi-re-et-votre-rythme-circadien\/","title":{"rendered":"La couleur de la lumi\u00e8re et votre rythme circadien"},"content":{"rendered":"

On sait depuis longtemps que l’exposition \u00e0 des niveaux de lumi\u00e8re variables tout au long de la journ\u00e9e est essentielle au maintien d’un rythme circadien<\/a> sain. De nombreuses personnes ont recours \u00e0 la luminoth\u00e9rapie et \u00e0 la m\u00e9latonine<\/a>, une hormone qui est normalement lib\u00e9r\u00e9e dans l’obscurit\u00e9, pour ajuster ou maintenir le bon fonctionnement de leur horloge interne. Les chercheurs pensaient auparavant que l’intensit\u00e9 de la lumi\u00e8re \u00e9tait le facteur le plus important dans la r\u00e9gulation de l’horloge interne. Cependant, une nouvelle \u00e9tude<\/a> sugg\u00e8re que la couleur de la lumi\u00e8re joue un r\u00f4le important dans le rythme circadien des souris, et peut-\u00eatre aussi d’autres animaux.<\/p>\n

La lumi\u00e8re est-elle diff\u00e9rente au cr\u00e9puscule ?<\/h2>\n

La lumi\u00e8re est diff\u00e9rente au cr\u00e9puscule et \u00e0 l’aube, ce que les photographes reconnaissent depuis longtemps. Les photos prises au cr\u00e9puscule ont une lumi\u00e8re nettement plus douce et plus bleue. Des chercheurs ont d’abord cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 quantifier cette diff\u00e9rence, en pla\u00e7ant des instruments au sommet de grands b\u00e2timents pour enregistrer l’intensit\u00e9 et la couleur de la lumi\u00e8re tout au long de la journ\u00e9e, pendant un mois.<\/p>\n

Les r\u00e9sultats n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 surprenants. La lumi\u00e8re du cr\u00e9puscule \u00e9tait plus bleue que celle du jour ou de l’aube. La diff\u00e9rence de lumi\u00e8re n’est pas seulement une perception humaine, mais un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne mesurable. Une nouvelle question s’est alors pos\u00e9e : Le corps per\u00e7oit-il cette diff\u00e9rence ?<\/p>\n

Rythme circadien et couleur de la lumi\u00e8re : un lien ?<\/h2>\n

\"The<\/a>Une \u00e9tude visant \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer si les animaux per\u00e7oivent la lumi\u00e8re plus bleue du cr\u00e9puscule et y r\u00e9agissent a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e ce mois-ci dans la revue PLOS Biology<\/em>. L’\u00e9tude chronobiologique a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur des souris vivant en laboratoire sous un ciel artificiel.<\/p>\n

Les souris sont nocturnes et se r\u00e9veillent juste apr\u00e8s le cr\u00e9puscule. Comme les humains, elles ont des temp\u00e9ratures corporelles plus basses \u00e0 certains moments de la journ\u00e9e, lorsqu’elles dorment g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, et des temp\u00e9ratures corporelles plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es \u00e0 l’heure du r\u00e9veil. Leur temp\u00e9rature corporelle augmente fortement apr\u00e8s le coucher du soleil, lorsque la lumi\u00e8re devient plus bleue, \u00e0 la fois dans les environnements naturels et sous ce ciel artificiel.<\/p>\n

Lorsque le ciel artificiel a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce que l’intensit\u00e9 de la lumi\u00e8re change, mais pas sa couleur, les souris ont vu leur rythme circadien se modifier. Elles sont devenues plus actives avant le cr\u00e9puscule, un moment o\u00f9 elles dorment normalement, et n’ont pas montr\u00e9 l’augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature corporelle associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9veil. Leur horloge interne de 24 heures s’est d\u00e9salign\u00e9e du jour et de la nuit, ce qui sugg\u00e8re que le changement de couleur de la lumi\u00e8re au cr\u00e9puscule est un r\u00e9gulateur important de leur rythme circadien.<\/p>\n

Le tic-tac des horloges internes<\/h2>\n

Comment les souris peuvent-elles percevoir la couleur de la lumi\u00e8re ? Nous savons depuis un certain temps que l’intensit\u00e9 de la lumi\u00e8re mesur\u00e9e dans le cerveau des mammif\u00e8res d\u00e9pend d’un m\u00e9canisme complexe entre la r\u00e9tine et le noyau suprachiasmatique du cerveau. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les souris ont une activit\u00e9 \u00e9lectrique diff\u00e9rente dans leur cerveau lorsqu’elles sont expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des lumi\u00e8res bleues et jaunes. En fait, leur cerveau est plus sensible aux changements de couleur qu’aux changements d’intensit\u00e9 lumineuse. Les chercheurs pensent que tous les animaux dot\u00e9s d’une vision chromatique, y compris l’homme, peuvent avoir des m\u00e9canismes similaires pour percevoir et r\u00e9agir aux changements de couleur de la lumi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs pensent que le rythme circadien des souris d\u00e9pend fortement du g\u00e8ne Tick Tock. Ce g\u00e8ne est activ\u00e9 en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 des changements de lumi\u00e8re et r\u00e9git la production d’hormones qui contribuent \u00e0 un rythme circadien sain. Tick Tock pourrait \u00eatre l’\u00e9quivalent murin du g\u00e8ne humain Per2, qui joue un r\u00f4le crucial dans le rythme circadien humain. La question de savoir si Tick Tock est activ\u00e9 ou d\u00e9sactiv\u00e9 en fonction de la couleur de la lumi\u00e8re fera l’objet d’\u00e9tudes futures.<\/p>\n

Des souris et des hommes<\/h2>\n

\"The<\/a>La couleur de la lumi\u00e8re est clairement importante pour le rythme circadien des souris, mais son effet sur les humains n’a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9 et reste inconnu. Bien que ces r\u00e9sultats ne puissent pas encore \u00eatre extrapol\u00e9s \u00e0 l’homme, les chercheurs en chronobiologie<\/a> pensent qu’il peut y avoir une r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la couleur de la lumi\u00e8re chez tous les animaux qui per\u00e7oivent la couleur, y compris l’homme. Le Dr Timothy Brown, l’un des responsables de l’\u00e9tude, esp\u00e8re que les recherches futures pourront avoir des applications positives pour la sant\u00e9 humaine. Dans une d\u00e9claration<\/a> concernant l’\u00e9tude sur les souris, le Dr Brown a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab\u00a0En th\u00e9orie, la couleur pourrait donc avoir des effets positifs sur la sant\u00e9 humaine :<\/p>\n

\n

\u00ab\u00a0En th\u00e9orie, la couleur pourrait donc \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour manipuler notre horloge, ce qui pourrait \u00eatre utile aux travailleurs post\u00e9s ou aux voyageurs d\u00e9sireux de r\u00e9duire le d\u00e9calage horaire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Le domaine de la biologie circadienne se d\u00e9veloppe rapidement \u00e0 mesure que des liens sont \u00e9tablis entre l’environnement, les rythmes circadiens et la sant\u00e9 en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Cette \u00e9tude est prometteuse car elle sugg\u00e8re qu’\u00e0 l’avenir, de nouveaux traitements plus efficaces pour les troubles du sommeil et d’autres troubles circadiens pourront \u00eatre d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s en utilisant des lumi\u00e8res de diff\u00e9rentes couleurs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On sait depuis longtemps que l’exposition \u00e0 des niveaux de lumi\u00e8re variables tout au long de la journ\u00e9e est essentielle au maintien d’un rythme circadien sain. De nombreuses personnes ont recours \u00e0 la luminoth\u00e9rapie et \u00e0 la m\u00e9latonine, une hormone qui est normalement lib\u00e9r\u00e9e dans l’obscurit\u00e9, pour ajuster ou maintenir le bon fonctionnement de leur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23384,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[256,255,257],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58198","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melatonine","8":"category-sommeil","9":"category-travail-poste","10":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa couleur de la lumi\u00e8re et votre rythme circadien – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers previously believed that light intensity was the most important factor in regulating one's internal clocks. 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