{"id":58176,"date":"2015-03-19T00:05:23","date_gmt":"2015-03-19T00:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/circadian-sleep-disorders\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:41:19","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:41:19","slug":"avez-vous-un-trouble-circadien-du-sommeil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/avez-vous-un-trouble-circadien-du-sommeil\/","title":{"rendered":"Avez-vous un trouble circadien du sommeil ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Beaucoup d’entre nous ont fait l’exp\u00e9rience des bouleversements r\u00e9sultant d’un changement du rythme circadien. M\u00eame les personnes en bonne sant\u00e9 doivent parfois modifier leurs habitudes de sommeil en raison de l’heure d’\u00e9t\u00e9 ou d’un voyage. Cependant, certaines personnes souffrent de troubles du sommeil circadien qui les emp\u00eachent de bien dormir \u00e0 des heures normales. Ces troubles peuvent entra\u00eener une sensation d’\u00e9puisement et de d\u00e9calage horaire permanent.<\/p>\n

\n

Qu’est-ce qu’un trouble circadien du sommeil ?<\/h2>\n

Le rythme circadien<\/a> est une horloge de 24 heures dans le corps humain qui r\u00e9git tout, du sommeil \u00e0 la r\u00e9paration de l’ADN. Ces horloges sont essentielles \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 car elles garantissent que les processus se d\u00e9roulent au meilleur moment. En fait, il existe un domaine de la biologie appel\u00e9 chronobiologie<\/a> qui se concentre sur l’\u00e9tude de ces horloges et de leurs effets sur la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Lorsque le rythme circadien d’une personne est perturb\u00e9, celle-ci souffre non seulement de fatigue, d’insomnie et de troubles li\u00e9s au sommeil, mais aussi de toute une s\u00e9rie d’autres probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Types de troubles circadiens du sommeil<\/h2>\n

Il existe plusieurs types de troubles circadiens du sommeil<\/a>. Certains sont dus \u00e0 des influences ext\u00e9rieures, telles que le travail post\u00e9 ou un voyage dans un autre fuseau horaire, tandis que d’autres sont caus\u00e9s par un dysfonctionnement des zones du cerveau qui r\u00e8glent les horloges circadiennes.<\/p>\n

\"Circadian<\/a>– Le d\u00e9calage<\/strong> horaire, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9 d\u00e9synchronisation, se produit lorsque le rythme circadien d’un individu n’est pas align\u00e9 sur celui de la r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 il se trouve. On l’appelle d\u00e9calage horaire parce que la plupart des gens en souffrent apr\u00e8s un voyage en avion qui les fait passer rapidement d’un fuseau horaire \u00e0 l’autre. La plupart des personnes souffrent de fatigue, de difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 effectuer des t\u00e2ches complexes, de d\u00e9pression et de troubles du sommeil, mais elles se r\u00e9tablissent en quelques jours.<\/p>\n

– Le trouble du travail post\u00e9<\/strong> s’observe principalement chez les personnes qui travaillent t\u00f4t le matin, le soir ou la nuit. Ces personnes peuvent avoir des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 trouver un sommeil de qualit\u00e9 parce que leurs cycles de sommeil ne correspondent pas au rythme circadien que leur cerveau \u00e9tablit en fonction des indices de lumi\u00e8re et d’obscurit\u00e9. Les personnes qui souffrent de ce syndrome pr\u00e9sentent les m\u00eames sympt\u00f4mes que les personnes souffrant de d\u00e9calage horaire, mais elles les ressentent pendant une longue p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n

– Le syndrome de retard de phase du sommeil<\/strong> est un trouble dans lequel l’horloge interne d’une personne est r\u00e9gl\u00e9e de telle sorte qu’elle ne peut s’endormir que bien plus tard que la plupart des gens. Ces personnes ne peuvent dormir que tard dans la nuit ou t\u00f4t le matin, ce qui les emp\u00eache de mener \u00e0 bien les t\u00e2ches normales de la vie quotidienne.<\/p>\n

– Le syndrome de la phase avanc\u00e9e du<\/strong> sommeil est l’oppos\u00e9 du syndrome de la phase retard\u00e9e du sommeil. Les personnes atteintes de ce trouble circadien sont somnolentes et s’endorment tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t, souvent entre 18 et 20 heures, puis se r\u00e9veillent huit heures plus tard. Dans la plupart des cas, ces personnes sont moins affect\u00e9es que celles qui souffrent d’un retard de phase du sommeil, car elles peuvent encore fonctionner pendant les heures de la journ\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

– Le trouble du sommeil et de l’\u00e9veil sans 24 heures<\/strong> est un trouble dans lequel les personnes ont un rythme circadien qui ne fonctionne pas sur des cycles de 24 heures, mais plut\u00f4t sur des cycles de 25-26 heures dans la plupart des cas. Ces personnes s’endorment progressivement plus tard et se r\u00e9veillent donc progressivement plus tard. L’absence d’une routine d\u00e9finie sur 24 heures peut rendre difficile la poursuite d’\u00e9tudes, l’exercice d’une activit\u00e9 professionnelle ou la gestion d’une relation ou d’une famille.<\/p>\n

Effets des troubles circadiens du sommeil<\/h2>\n

\"Circadian<\/a>Les chercheurs en savent d\u00e9sormais assez sur la biologie circadienne pour comprendre certains des effets des troubles circadiens du sommeil. Il y a les effets attendus<\/a> de la fatigue, de l’insomnie et des troubles du sommeil. Cependant, la plupart des personnes souffrant de ces troubles pr\u00e9sentent \u00e9galement des modifications de l’app\u00e9tit, une prise de poids, une incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 rester vigilant, une perte des fonctions cognitives et de la m\u00e9moire, ainsi que des perturbations hormonales. Ces personnes sont \u00e9galement plus susceptibles de d\u00e9velopper des maladies cardiaques et toute une s\u00e9rie de probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 graves.<\/p>\n

Outre les probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 qu’ils entra\u00eenent, les troubles circadiens du sommeil peuvent \u00e9galement avoir des effets d\u00e9vastateurs sur la vie des personnes concern\u00e9es. Les gens sont souvent incapables de fonctionner correctement pendant les p\u00e9riodes o\u00f9 ils sont cens\u00e9s travailler et accomplir d’autres t\u00e2ches.<\/p>\n

Peut-on traiter un trouble du sommeil circadien ?<\/h2>\n

Ces troubles ne peuvent pas \u00eatre gu\u00e9ris, mais il existe un nombre croissant de traitements qui aident les gens \u00e0 retrouver des habitudes de sommeil plus normales et \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les autres effets sur la sant\u00e9. Plusieurs m\u00e9dicaments sont disponibles. De nombreux m\u00e9decins recommandent de prendre de la m\u00e9latonine 30 minutes avant l’heure pr\u00e9vue du coucher, puis de prendre un stimulant tel que la caf\u00e9ine pour augmenter la vigilance pendant la journ\u00e9e. En outre, la FDA a r\u00e9cemment approuv\u00e9 un agoniste des r\u00e9cepteurs de la m\u00e9latonine appel\u00e9 tasimelteon ou Hetlioz<\/a> pour traiter les troubles du sommeil et de l’\u00e9veil qui ne durent pas 24 heures chez les personnes compl\u00e8tement aveugles.<\/p>\n

Il existe des traitements li\u00e9s au mode de vie et non m\u00e9dicamenteux qui peuvent aider les personnes souffrant de troubles circadiens du sommeil. De nombreuses personnes utilisent une lumi\u00e8re vive pendant la journ\u00e9e et portent des lunettes bloquant le bleu<\/a> avant de se coucher, ce qui contribue \u00e0 augmenter la production de m\u00e9latonine.<\/p>\n

Les troubles circadiens du sommeil peuvent avoir des effets d\u00e9vastateurs sur la sant\u00e9 et la vie d’une personne. Toutefois, de nouvelles \u00e9tudes en chronobiologie aident les m\u00e9decins \u00e0 mettre au point de nouveaux moyens d’aborder et de traiter ces troubles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Beaucoup d’entre nous ont fait l’exp\u00e9rience des bouleversements r\u00e9sultant d’un changement du rythme circadien. M\u00eame les personnes en bonne sant\u00e9 doivent parfois modifier leurs habitudes de sommeil en raison de l’heure d’\u00e9t\u00e9 ou d’un voyage. Cependant, certaines personnes souffrent de troubles du sommeil circadien qui les emp\u00eachent de bien dormir \u00e0 des heures normales. Ces […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23220,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[245,246,174,259,255,257],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58176","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-chronotype-fr","8":"category-energie-fr","9":"category-le-rythme-circadien","10":"category-sante-mentale","11":"category-sommeil","12":"category-travail-poste","13":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAvez-vous un trouble circadien du sommeil ? – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Many of us have experienced the havoc resulting from a change in one's circadian rhythm. 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