{"id":58174,"date":"2015-03-11T23:29:48","date_gmt":"2015-03-11T23:29:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/melatonin-sleep-disorders-chronopharmacology\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:41:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:41:17","slug":"m-latonine-troubles-du-sommeil-et-chronopharmacologie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/m-latonine-troubles-du-sommeil-et-chronopharmacologie\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e9latonine, troubles du sommeil et chronopharmacologie"},"content":{"rendered":"

De nouvelles \u00e9tudes en chronobiologie<\/a> sont publi\u00e9es et couvertes par les m\u00e9dias chaque semaine. En particulier, l’importance des niveaux de m\u00e9latonine est fr\u00e9quemment discut\u00e9e. Cependant, de nombreuses personnes ne comprennent pas les bases de cette hormone. La m\u00e9latonine, ou \u00ab\u00a0l’hormone m\u00e8re de la chronobiologie\u00a0\u00bb, a plusieurs effets, dont les principaux sont d’aider l’individu \u00e0 trouver un sommeil sain et de maintenir l’horloge interne en phase avec lecycle de<\/span> 24 heures.<\/p>\n

Qu’est-ce que la m\u00e9latonine ?<\/h2>\n
\n

\"Melatonin,<\/a>La m\u00e9latonine<\/a> est une hormone produite par la glande pin\u00e9ale qui r\u00e9git le cycle veille-sommeil. Sa production et sa lib\u00e9ration dans la circulation sanguine sont induites en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 l’obscurit\u00e9, mais elle est \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sente en petites quantit\u00e9s dans les aliments. Les quantit\u00e9s naturellement pr\u00e9sentes dans les aliments ne sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas suffisantes pour affecter les syst\u00e8mes biologiques.<\/p>\n

Lorsqu’elle est produite par la glande pin\u00e9ale, cette hormone contr\u00f4le les cycles inn\u00e9s de sommeil et d’\u00e9veil. Lorsque le corps per\u00e7oit l’obscurit\u00e9, les niveaux de m\u00e9latonine augmentent dans le sang, atteignent leur maximum vers minuit, puis diminuent progressivement jusqu’au lever du jour, o\u00f9 les niveaux chutent de mani\u00e8re significative. La m\u00e9latonine indique qu’il est temps de ralentir les activit\u00e9s pour se pr\u00e9parer au sommeil, puis aide l’individu \u00e0 s’endormir et \u00e0 rester endormi toute la nuit. Pendant le sommeil, le corps subit une pl\u00e9thore de processus, tels que la croissance des cellules souches, qui doivent se d\u00e9rouler sans perturbation. Il est tr\u00e8s important pour la sant\u00e9 globale d’avoir des niveaux de m\u00e9latonine qui facilitent un sommeil r\u00e9parateur ad\u00e9quat.<\/p>\n

Le fonctionnement de votre horloge interne<\/h2>\n

Comment l’obscurit\u00e9 favorise-t-elle la production de m\u00e9latonine et donc le sommeil ? Les \u00e9tudes modernes sur la biologie circadienne ont permis d’identifier exactement les m\u00e9canismes qui conduisent de la sensation d’obscurit\u00e9 au sommeil. Des capteurs sp\u00e9ciaux situ\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9tine de l’\u0153il d\u00e9tectent la lumi\u00e8re. En pr\u00e9sence de lumi\u00e8re, ils envoient des signaux nerveux au noyau suprachiasmatique de l’hypothalamus, qui fait partie du cerveau. Le noyau suprachiasmatique, ou NSC, est connu sous le nom d'\u00a0\u00bbhorloge ma\u00eetresse\u00a0\u00bb et contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9gir de nombreux rythmes de notre corps en fonction du cycle de 24 heures.<\/p>\n

Lorsqu’il est stimul\u00e9 par la lumi\u00e8re, le SCN envoie des signaux qui emp\u00eachent la glande pin\u00e9ale de lib\u00e9rer de grandes quantit\u00e9s de m\u00e9latonine. C’est pourquoi les niveaux de m\u00e9latonine pendant les heures d’ensoleillement sont si bas qu’ils sont \u00e0 peine d\u00e9tectables chez les personnes en bonne sant\u00e9. Toutefois, d\u00e8s que la lumi\u00e8re n’est plus per\u00e7ue, la glande pin\u00e9ale s’active et lib\u00e8re de la m\u00e9latonine. La production et la lib\u00e9ration de m\u00e9latonine se poursuivent pendant environ 12 heures, puis cessent lorsque la lumi\u00e8re est \u00e0 nouveau per\u00e7ue.<\/p>\n

R\u00f4le de la m\u00e9latonine dans le rythme circadien<\/h2>\n

\"Melatonin,<\/a>La m\u00e9latonine est appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0l’hormone du vampire\u00a0\u00bb en raison de sa forte pr\u00e9sence pendant les heures de la nuit. En fait, la prise de suppl\u00e9ments de m\u00e9latonine peut donner l’impression aux personnes bien repos\u00e9es qu’elles dorment davantage. Non seulement la m\u00e9latonine rend les gens somnolents la nuit, mais elle d\u00e9courage \u00e9galement la production de cortisol et d’autres hormones qui encouragent l’activit\u00e9 et l’\u00e9veil. La m\u00e9latonine signale au cerveau qu’il est temps de passer de l’\u00e9tat de veille au sommeil<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L’importance de la m\u00e9latonine pour un sommeil r\u00e9parateur et pour la sant\u00e9 en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral fait l’objet de nombreuses \u00e9tudes en chronobiologie. En fait, il existe un domaine appel\u00e9 chronopharmacologie<\/a> qui \u00e9tudie exclusivement la mani\u00e8re dont les suppl\u00e9ments et les m\u00e9dicaments affectent et sont affect\u00e9s par notre rythme circadien. La m\u00e9latonine est actuellement l’hormone la plus \u00e9tudi\u00e9e en chronopharmacologie en raison de son r\u00f4le important dans les cycles du sommeil.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9latonine, troubles du sommeil et chronopharmacologie<\/h2>\n

De nombreux troubles de la sant\u00e9 peuvent \u00eatre li\u00e9s \u00e0 un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre de la m\u00e9latonine. Par exemple, les troubles affectifs saisonniers<\/a> sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement li\u00e9s \u00e0 la production de m\u00e9latonine plus t\u00f4t ou plus tard dans la journ\u00e9e, en raison d’une lumi\u00e8re plus diffuse pendant les mois froids. En outre, de nombreuses personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es souffrent d’une lente chute des niveaux de m\u00e9latonine qui entra\u00eene des insomnies et des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 rester endormies. Pour les personnes qui souffrent d’un faible taux de m\u00e9latonine, la prise d’un suppl\u00e9ment peut am\u00e9liorer leur sant\u00e9 et leur qualit\u00e9 de vie en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n

Lorsque l’organisme ne dort pas suffisamment ou ne dort pas la nuit, les cellules ne peuvent pas subir les nombreux processus de r\u00e9paration qui se d\u00e9roulent normalement pendant cette p\u00e9riode. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 de contribuer \u00e0 la d\u00e9pression, aux maladies cardiaques, au cancer et \u00e0 toute une s\u00e9rie de probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e9latonine au service de la sant\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Les chercheurs en chronopharmacologie, c’est-\u00e0-dire l’\u00e9tude de l’interaction des m\u00e9dicaments et des compl\u00e9ments alimentaires avec les rythmes circadiens, constatent qu’une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de sympt\u00f4mes et de troubles peuvent \u00eatre trait\u00e9s ou att\u00e9nu\u00e9s par la prise d’un compl\u00e9ment de m\u00e9latonine au bon moment de la nuit.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e9latonine est importante pour un sommeil sain, qui est crucial pour une bonne sant\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Les \u00e9tudes en chronobiologie d\u00e9montrent \u00e0 quel point il est important de maintenir des habitudes de sommeil saines. Bien que la vie moderne ne soit pas propice \u00e0 un bon sommeil, nos horloges internes dictent tant de processus vitaux que nous ne pouvons pas les ignorer sans cons\u00e9quences graves pour la sant\u00e9. Le maintien d’un taux de m\u00e9latonine nocturne sain est un facteur important de la sant\u00e9 \u00e9motionnelle et physique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De nouvelles \u00e9tudes en chronobiologie sont publi\u00e9es et couvertes par les m\u00e9dias chaque semaine. En particulier, l’importance des niveaux de m\u00e9latonine est fr\u00e9quemment discut\u00e9e. Cependant, de nombreuses personnes ne comprennent pas les bases de cette hormone. La m\u00e9latonine, ou \u00ab\u00a0l’hormone m\u00e8re de la chronobiologie\u00a0\u00bb, a plusieurs effets, dont les principaux sont d’aider l’individu \u00e0 trouver […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[256,255,257],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58174","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melatonine","8":"category-sommeil","9":"category-travail-poste","10":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nM\u00e9latonine, troubles du sommeil et chronopharmacologie – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New studies in chronobiology are being released and covered in the media every week. 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