{"id":58160,"date":"2015-02-14T00:46:06","date_gmt":"2015-02-14T00:46:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/gut-microbes-obesity-and-the-circadian-rhythm\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:41:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:41:00","slug":"microbes-intestinaux-ob-sit-et-rythme-circadien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/microbes-intestinaux-ob-sit-et-rythme-circadien\/","title":{"rendered":"Microbes intestinaux, ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et rythme circadien"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Gut<\/a>Dans quelle mesure la dur\u00e9e de votre sommeil affecte-t-elle votre \u00e9nergie et votre humeur g\u00e9n\u00e9rales ? La plupart des gens s’accordent \u00e0 dire qu’un sommeil suffisant et r\u00e9gulier est tr\u00e8s important pour le bien-\u00eatre et la performance d’une personne dans les t\u00e2ches de la vie. Non seulement la quantit\u00e9 de sommeil est importante, mais nos cycles de sommeil sont \u00e9galement cruciaux. Par exemple, lorsque nous travaillons de nuit ou que nous subissons un d\u00e9calage horaire, notre corps paie le prix de l’absence d’un cycle naturel. Le type de science qui \u00e9tudie nos rythmes biologiques est connu sous le nom de chronobiologie<\/a>. De nouvelles recherches montrent que des changements dans notre rythme circadien<\/a>, ou rythme qui suit un cycle de 24 heures, et dans nos habitudes alimentaires peuvent conduire \u00e0 l’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Microbes intestinaux et ob\u00e9sit\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Vous pensez peut-\u00eatre que lorsque vous \u00eates fatigu\u00e9, vous avez non seulement tendance \u00e0 manger plus de fast-foods et d’aliments riches en graisses, mais aussi \u00e0 faire moins d’exercice. C’est vrai, mais les recherches montrent que l’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 est li\u00e9e au rythme circadien de nos microbes intestinaux. Les rythmes circadiens affectent directement nos fonctions physiques, mentales et \u00e9motionnelles. Les microbes de notre intestin suivent le rythme circadien de leurs h\u00f4tes et, lorsqu’ils sont perturb\u00e9s, ils ne fonctionnent pas comme ils le devraient. Cela peut conduire \u00e0 l’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes m\u00e9taboliques.<\/p>\n

Recherche sur les microbes intestinaux<\/h2>\n

Le scientifique Eran Elinav, de l’Institut Weizmann des sciences, a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 une nouvelle \u00e9tude <\/a>dans laquelle lui et son \u00e9quipe ont analys\u00e9 les microbes pr\u00e9sents dans les mati\u00e8res f\u00e9cales \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents moments de la journ\u00e9e. Ils ont constat\u00e9 des incoh\u00e9rences dans la quantit\u00e9 de microbes et leurs activit\u00e9s biologiques. Lorsque l’h\u00f4te n’a pas ses habitudes alimentaires normales, les microbes perdent leurs fluctuations rythmiques. Cette perte entra\u00eene une modification de la composition des microbes, ce qui favorise la croissance de bact\u00e9ries associ\u00e9es \u00e0 l’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et aux maladies m\u00e9taboliques. Cette \u00e9tude s’est principalement bas\u00e9e sur l’\u00e9tude d’humains et de souris souffrant de d\u00e9calage horaire.<\/p>\n

Notre microbiome<\/h2>\n

L’\u00eatre humain se fie \u00e0 l’horaire de la lumi\u00e8re du jour pour savoir quand dormir<\/a>. Il a \u00e9galement l’habitude de manger pendant les heures de clart\u00e9 et de ne pas manger pendant la nuit. Le microbiome du corps humain n’a pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re pour \u00e9tablir son rythme circadien. Il d\u00e9pend donc uniquement des habitudes alimentaires de l’h\u00f4te<\/a> pendant la journ\u00e9e pour d\u00e9finir ses cycles. Alors que les h\u00f4tes humains peuvent r\u00e9initialiser leur rythme en se r\u00e9veillant et en mangeant \u00e0 des heures diff\u00e9rentes ou en s’exposant \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re artificielle pendant la nuit, les organismes des microbiomes n’ont pas la possibilit\u00e9 de r\u00e9initialiser leurs cycles. Par cons\u00e9quent, les fluctuations microbiennes qui r\u00e9sultent de l’apport de nutriments \u00e0 l’intestin ne sont pas pr\u00e9sentes lorsqu’un h\u00f4te modifie brusquement son cycle alimentaire, par exemple lorsqu’il voyage dans un fuseau horaire tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent ou lorsqu’il travaille en \u00e9quipe de nuit.<\/p>\n

Bact\u00e9ries intestinales et prise de poids<\/h2>\n

\"Gut<\/a>Il est int\u00e9ressant de noter que la recherche montre qu’une personne qui a perturb\u00e9 le rythme de ses microbes intestinaux souffrira davantage de probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 en mangeant des aliments riches en graisses qu’une personne qui a conserv\u00e9 un rythme circadien naturel. L’\u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur des souris a montr\u00e9 que m\u00eame si les souris mangeaient le m\u00eame type et la m\u00eame quantit\u00e9 d’aliments riches en graisses, ce sont celles dont les rythmes avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9s qui prenaient plus de poids et d\u00e9veloppaient des probl\u00e8mes de contr\u00f4le du taux de sucre dans le sang. Lorsque la m\u00eame \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur des humains, les scientifiques ont analys\u00e9 les microbes intestinaux de deux humains qui avaient voyag\u00e9 en Isra\u00ebl. Ils ont trouv\u00e9 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d’une bact\u00e9rie appel\u00e9e Firmicutes qui s’\u00e9tait multipli\u00e9e en raison des changements dans les habitudes alimentaires, et cette bact\u00e9rie est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9. Quelques semaines plus tard, les humains ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 nouveau analys\u00e9s et leurs microbes intestinaux \u00e9taient revenus \u00e0 la normale.<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, ces nouveaux r\u00e9sultats de recherche sur la chronobiologie et l’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 peuvent aider les personnes dont le rythme circadien a \u00e9t\u00e9 perturb\u00e9 par le travail post\u00e9 tard dans la nuit, le d\u00e9calage horaire ou d’autres facteurs. Nous avons besoin que nos microbes intestinaux fonctionnent correctement afin de m\u00e9taboliser les aliments de la mani\u00e8re la plus efficace possible. Tout comme leurs h\u00f4tes humains, ils prosp\u00e8rent lorsque les cycles alimentaires sont pr\u00e9visibles et, lorsqu’ils sont d\u00e9cal\u00e9s, ils m\u00e9tabolisent les aliments diff\u00e9remment, ce qui peut conduire \u00e0 l’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9. Selon M. Elinav, les implications de cette \u00e9tude sur la sant\u00e9 ne sont pas encore claires et doivent faire l’objet de recherches plus approfondies. Toutefois, vous pouvez retenir ce conseil pour les p\u00e9riodes de d\u00e9calage horaire ou de manque de sommeil : Faites attention \u00e0 ce que vous mangez et au moment o\u00f9 vous le faites, car les aliments sont m\u00e9tabolis\u00e9s diff\u00e9remment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans quelle mesure la dur\u00e9e de votre sommeil affecte-t-elle votre \u00e9nergie et votre humeur g\u00e9n\u00e9rales ? La plupart des gens s’accordent \u00e0 dire qu’un sommeil suffisant et r\u00e9gulier est tr\u00e8s important pour le bien-\u00eatre et la performance d’une personne dans les t\u00e2ches de la vie. Non seulement la quantit\u00e9 de sommeil est importante, mais nos […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[246,250,253,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58160","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energie-fr","8":"category-flore-intestinale","9":"category-metabolisme","10":"category-sommeil","11":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMicrobes intestinaux, ob\u00e9sit\u00e9 et rythme circadien – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The type of science that studies our biological rhythms is known 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