{"id":58158,"date":"2015-02-09T22:43:13","date_gmt":"2015-02-09T22:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/teenagers-need-more-sleep-so-why-are-they-getting-less\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:40:58","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:40:58","slug":"les-adolescents-ont-besoin-de-plus-de-sommeil-pourquoi-dorment-ils-moins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/les-adolescents-ont-besoin-de-plus-de-sommeil-pourquoi-dorment-ils-moins\/","title":{"rendered":"Les adolescents ont besoin de plus de sommeil ! Pourquoi dorment-ils moins ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Si les adolescents se consid\u00e8rent comme des adultes, ils ont en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des besoins tr\u00e8s particuliers. Leur corps et leurs hormones changent rapidement alors qu’ils traversent les derni\u00e8res pouss\u00e9es de croissance et terminent leur pubert\u00e9. La plupart des adolescents ont besoin de neuf \u00e0 dix heures de sommeil par nuit, ce qui n’est pas le cas de la plupart d’entre eux. Si les adolescents am\u00e9ricains ont besoin de plus de sommeil, pourquoi n’en ont-ils pas assez ?<\/p>\n

Un d\u00e9calage circadien<\/h2>\n

Les rythmes circadiens sont l’une des nombreuses choses qui changent pendant la pubert\u00e9. Le rythme circadien<\/a> est une horloge de 24 heures qui contr\u00f4le les diff\u00e9rents cycles. Ces cycles sont tr\u00e8s importants pour toute une s\u00e9rie de fonctions, mais surtout pour les cycles de sommeil et d’\u00e9veil. L’un des principaux changements est que les rythmes circadiens contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par le noyau suprachiasmatique du cerveau subissent un retard de la phase de sommeil \u00e0 la pubert\u00e9<\/a>. L’horloge interne des enfants et des adultes plus \u00e2g\u00e9s est r\u00e9gl\u00e9e pour lib\u00e9rer de la m\u00e9latonine<\/a> et les rendre somnolents le soir, vers 20 ou 21 heures, alors qu’elle est r\u00e9gl\u00e9e pour 22 ou 23 heures \u00e0 la pubert\u00e9. Il en r\u00e9sulte que les adolescents s’endorment plus tard et doivent se r\u00e9veiller plus tard pour obtenir une quantit\u00e9 de sommeil suffisante. Il y a plusieurs raisons pour lesquelles cela n’est pas possible ou r\u00e9alisable pour de nombreux adolescents.<\/p>\n

Trop de distractions<\/h2>\n

\"Teenagers,<\/a>Si vous connaissez un adolescent, vous savez que les adolescents d’aujourd’hui passent beaucoup de temps devant un \u00e9cran. Les smartphones, les tablettes, les ordinateurs et les t\u00e9l\u00e9visions sont omnipr\u00e9sents dans la vie de la plupart des adolescents. Les adolescents occidentaux vivent pratiquement devant un \u00e9cran.<\/p>\n

Comment cela affecte-t-il ces adolescents ? Selon une \u00e9tude de 2012<\/a> publi\u00e9e dans la revue m\u00e9dicale BMJ Open,<\/em> les adolescents qui passent beaucoup de temps devant un \u00e9cran dorment beaucoup moins. Ceux qui sont devant un appareil quatre heures par jour ou plus sont trois fois plus susceptibles de dormir moins de cinq heures par nuit. En outre, ces adolescents sont plus susceptibles d’avoir besoin de plus d’une heure pour s’endormir.<\/p>\n

La technologie devenant de plus en plus omnipr\u00e9sente, il est possible que les adolescents dorment moins que jamais. Il s’agit d’un changement n\u00e9gatif pour leur sant\u00e9 physique et \u00e9motionnelle.<\/p>\n

[wd_hustle id=\u00a0\u00bbstudent-sleep\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Les heures de d\u00e9but des cours sont-elles n\u00e9fastes pour les adolescents ?<\/h2>\n

Si un adolescent est biologiquement programm\u00e9 pour s’endormir plus tard, il doit se lever plus tard pour satisfaire ses besoins physiques minimaux. Cependant, la plupart des \u00e9coles secondaires ne tiennent pas compte de ce besoin. L’Acad\u00e9mie am\u00e9ricaine de p\u00e9diatrie a publi\u00e9 une d\u00e9claration<\/a> selon laquelle l’ouverture pr\u00e9coce des \u00e9coles est en fait n\u00e9faste pour la sant\u00e9 des enfants et des adolescents, entra\u00eenant une augmentation des accidents de voiture, de mauvaises habitudes alimentaires, une diminution de la capacit\u00e9 d’apprentissage et des d\u00e9pressions.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9claration demande que les \u00e9coles commencent \u00e0 8h30 ou plus tard. Or, seules 14 % des \u00e9coles respectent cette r\u00e8gle. Il en r\u00e9sulte une nation d’adolescents incapables de dormir selon leur horloge naturelle.<\/p>\n

Des horaires charg\u00e9s, des vies occup\u00e9es<\/h2>\n

\"Teenagers,<\/a>En plus d’avoir un temps d’\u00e9cran d\u00e9favorable et des horaires scolaires d\u00e9raisonnablement pr\u00e9coces, de nombreux adolescents souffrent \u00e9galement d’un manque de sommeil en raison des exigences de leur vie. Nous avons tendance \u00e0 consid\u00e9rer l’enfance comme une p\u00e9riode insouciante, mais ce n’est pas le cas de nombreux adolescents. En plus d’aller \u00e0 l’\u00e9cole toute la journ\u00e9e, ils rentrent \u00e0 la maison avec toute une s\u00e9rie d’activit\u00e9s extrascolaires et de devoirs \u00e0 faire. Les adolescents ont souvent des emplois du temps quotidiens qui sont remplis du matin au soir.<\/p>\n

Ce rythme serait ext\u00e9nuant et stressant pour un adulte, mais il l’est encore plus pour un adolescent en pleine croissance. En outre, le stress combin\u00e9 au manque de sommeil peut perturber le rythme circadien de l’adolescent. Ces perturbations n’affectent pas seulement le sommeil. Nous commen\u00e7ons \u00e0 peine \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir les effets des perturbations des rythmes biologiques, mais nous savons que les horloges internes du corps affectent l’apprentissage, le m\u00e9tabolisme, l’humeur et bien d’autres choses encore. La perturbation du rythme diurne naturel de l’organisme pendant les ann\u00e9es de formation peut avoir des effets sur la sant\u00e9 tout au long de la vie.<\/p>\n

Votre adolescent dort-il suffisamment ?<\/h2>\n

Il y a quelques fa\u00e7ons de savoir si votre adolescent dort suffisamment. S’il est difficile de le r\u00e9veiller ou s’il semble trop fatigu\u00e9 l’apr\u00e8s-midi, il a probablement besoin de plus de sommeil. S’il s’endort facilement pendant la journ\u00e9e ou s’il a besoin de \u00ab\u00a0rattraper\u00a0\u00bb son sommeil pendant le week-end, c’est aussi le signe que sa quantit\u00e9 de sommeil est insuffisante. En outre, de nombreux adolescents qui ne dorment pas suffisamment pr\u00e9sentent des signes de TDAH, tels qu’une faible capacit\u00e9 d’attention et une baisse des r\u00e9sultats scolaires.<\/p>\n

Permettre aux adolescents de dormir<\/a> suffisamment est essentiel<\/a> pour leur sant\u00e9 et leur bien-\u00eatre. Cependant, \u00e0 un \u00e2ge o\u00f9 ils ont plus que jamais besoin de sommeil, ils en ont en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 moins. Aider un adolescent \u00e0 acqu\u00e9rir une bonne hygi\u00e8ne et de bonnes habitudes de sommeil est un cadeau qui durera toute une vie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si les adolescents se consid\u00e8rent comme des adultes, ils ont en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des besoins tr\u00e8s particuliers. Leur corps et leurs hormones changent rapidement alors qu’ils traversent les derni\u00e8res pouss\u00e9es de croissance et terminent leur pubert\u00e9. La plupart des adolescents ont besoin de neuf \u00e0 dix heures de sommeil par nuit, ce qui n’est pas le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23104,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[246,255],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58158","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energie-fr","8":"category-sommeil","9":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLes adolescents ont besoin de plus de sommeil ! 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