{"id":58130,"date":"2014-12-05T18:17:23","date_gmt":"2014-12-05T18:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/how-shift-work-negatively-affects-our-biological-rhythms\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T14:33:29","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:33:29","slug":"comment-le-travail-post-affecte-n-gativement-nos-rythmes-biologiques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/fr\/comment-le-travail-post-affecte-n-gativement-nos-rythmes-biologiques\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment le travail post\u00e9 affecte n\u00e9gativement nos rythmes biologiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les industries modernes font travailler les gens jour et nuit. En dehors de la routine du neuf \u00e0 cinq, il existe des travailleurs post\u00e9s. Ces personnes travaillent tard, alternent leurs horaires d’une semaine \u00e0 l’autre ou essaient de travailler jusqu’\u00e0 l’aube. Alors qu’ils consomment une tasse de caf\u00e9<\/a> apr\u00e8s l’autre pour maintenir leur pression REM \u00e0 distance, l’envie constante de dormir continue de les harceler tout au long de la nuit. \"Shift<\/a><\/p>\n

Il suffit qu’un op\u00e9rateur de machine lourde trop fatigu\u00e9 s’assoupisse \u00e0 son poste pour cr\u00e9er une situation dangereuse dans l’usine. Les exigences du travail imposent \u00e0 ceux qui travaillent dans l’\u00e9quipe du cimeti\u00e8re de continuer \u00e0 travailler, alors que leur horloge biologique leur dit qu’il est temps de dormir. M\u00eame si l’\u00e9quipe est termin\u00e9e, d\u00e8s que le travailleur \u00e9puis\u00e9 prend le volant, le risque de s’assoupir au volant devient un danger pour les autres conducteurs qui ne se doutent de rien. Bien que les dangers d’un sommeil insuffisant soient bien document\u00e9s depuis des ann\u00e9es, de nombreuses personnes ne sont toujours pas conscientes de l’impact n\u00e9gatif du sommeil sur leurs rythmes biologiques internes et sur leur sant\u00e9 en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n

La science de la chronobiologie<\/h2>\n

\"Shift<\/a>Situ\u00e9 dans l’hypothalamus, chaque \u00eatre humain est \u00e9quip\u00e9 d’une horloge biologique. Cette horloge interne r\u00e9git la synchronisation des rythmes biologiques<\/a>. Elle ancre le corps dans un cycle de 24 heures le plus souvent r\u00e9gulier, appel\u00e9 rythme circadien. Lorsqu’une personne n’a pas acc\u00e8s aux signaux temporels normaux de l’environnement, tels que les changements d’intensit\u00e9 de la lumi\u00e8re produits par la position du soleil, le rythme circadien s’inscrit par d\u00e9faut dans un cycle p\u00e9riodique d’environ 24,3 heures. Les scientifiques qui effectuent des recherches dans le domaine de la chronobiologie<\/a> ont r\u00e9cemment trouv\u00e9 des preuves de l’existence de facteurs g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques qui ont permis d’identifier que la p\u00e9riodicit\u00e9 du rythme circadien de chaque individu est le r\u00e9sultat d’un h\u00e9ritage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique. Outre l’\u00e9tude du r\u00f4le de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique sur les rythmes biologiques, une part importante des travaux des chronobiologistes porte sur les probl\u00e8mes professionnels et pathologiques \u00e0 l’origine des troubles du rythme biologique.<\/p>\n

Les dangers de la perturbation du cycle circadien<\/h2>\n

\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que les travailleurs post\u00e9s travaillent r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement selon un horaire qui s’oppose au rythme circadien inh\u00e9rent \u00e0 l’organisme, ces perturbations sont devenues une source majeure d’inqui\u00e9tude pour les chronobiologistes et d’autres praticiens de la m\u00e9decine. Les perturbations fr\u00e9quentes des rythmes normaux de l’organisme<\/a> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 associ\u00e9es \u00e0 un certain nombre de troubles de sant\u00e9 pr\u00e9judiciables, allant des patients pr\u00e9sentant des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s au sommeil \u00e0 des pathologies graves telles que l’ob\u00e9sit\u00e9, le diab\u00e8te et les maladies cardiovasculaires. On observe \u00e9galement que les personnes qui voyagent fr\u00e9quemment entre plusieurs fuseaux horaires finissent par subir de nombreux effets ind\u00e9sirables tels que le d\u00e9calage horaire. Cet \u00e9tat, qui survient lorsque l’horloge interne du corps se d\u00e9synchronise de l’environnement ext\u00e9rieur, entra\u00eene des sympt\u00f4mes de somnolence, d’irritabilit\u00e9 et m\u00eame de troubles gastro-intestinaux. Cependant, des d\u00e9couvertes r\u00e9centes ont \u00e9galement montr\u00e9 que la l\u00e9g\u00e8re privation d’oxyg\u00e8ne que subissent les passagers lors de longs vols a \u00e9galement entra\u00een\u00e9 une r\u00e9duction des pics nocturnes de m\u00e9latonine. Par cons\u00e9quent, les travailleurs post\u00e9s qui prennent souvent l’avion en raison de leur travail pourraient \u00eatre expos\u00e9s \u00e0 un risque accru de troubles de la sant\u00e9 li\u00e9s au rythme biologique.<\/p>\n

Modifications du mode de vie pour am\u00e9liorer les troubles li\u00e9s au travail post\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Pour les personnes qui risquent d’avoir des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 li\u00e9s \u00e0 des troubles du rythme biologique, il est n\u00e9cessaire de modifier le mode de vie pour aider l’organisme et ses rythmes biologiques \u00e0 se remettre sur les rails. Bien que le travail post\u00e9 soit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au c\u0153ur de ces probl\u00e8mes, le passage \u00e0 un horaire de jour est un changement de mode de vie majeur qui am\u00e9liorera consid\u00e9rablement les rythmes biologiques d’une personne, lui permettant de se r\u00e9aligner sur l’environnement ext\u00e9rieur. Une autre mesure importante \u00e0 envisager est de r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement ou d’\u00e9liminer la quantit\u00e9 de caf\u00e9ine dans le r\u00e9gime alimentaire d’une personne. La caf\u00e9ine a un effet stimulant sur l’organisme, ce qui le pousse \u00e0 rester \u00e9veill\u00e9 alors qu’il devrait se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 dormir. \u00c9viter de faire de l’exercice plusieurs heures avant le coucher est \u00e9galement recommand\u00e9 aux personnes qui essaient de prendre l’habitude de normaliser leurs rythmes biologiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les industries modernes font travailler les gens jour et nuit. En dehors de la routine du neuf \u00e0 cinq, il existe des travailleurs post\u00e9s. Ces personnes travaillent tard, alternent leurs horaires d’une semaine \u00e0 l’autre ou essaient de travailler jusqu’\u00e0 l’aube. Alors qu’ils consomment une tasse de caf\u00e9 apr\u00e8s l’autre pour maintenir leur pression REM […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":22816,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[246,174,255,257],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-58130","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energie-fr","8":"category-le-rythme-circadien","9":"category-sommeil","10":"category-travail-poste","11":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComment le travail post\u00e9 affecte n\u00e9gativement nos rythmes biologiques – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modern industries keep people working round the clock. 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