{"id":61849,"date":"2016-09-01T12:04:38","date_gmt":"2016-09-01T19:04:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/study-finds-vision-light-key-players-sleep-wake-cycles-2\/"},"modified":"2024-07-21T22:13:20","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T05:13:20","slug":"un-estudio-revela-que-la-visi-n-y-la-luz-son-factores-clave-en-los-ciclos-de-sue-o-y-vigilia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/un-estudio-revela-que-la-visi-n-y-la-luz-son-factores-clave-en-los-ciclos-de-sue-o-y-vigilia\/","title":{"rendered":"Un estudio revela que la visi\u00f3n y la luz son factores clave en los ciclos de sue\u00f1o y vigilia"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 algunos animales duermen de noche y otros de d\u00eda? Las investigaciones sugieren que la forma en que nuestros ojos procesan la luz puede ser un factor clave en nuestros ciclos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia.<\/p>\n

La mayor\u00eda de nosotros aprendimos en primaria la diferencia entre animales diurnos y nocturnos. Algunos animales est\u00e1n biol\u00f3gicamente programados para dormir por la noche (diurnos), mientras que otros duermen durante el d\u00eda (nocturnos). Sin embargo, los cient\u00edficos no entend\u00edan exactamente por qu\u00e9 las distintas especies est\u00e1n programadas para dormir en ciclos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia \u00fanicos. Un nuevo estudio en el campo de la cronobiolog\u00eda ha descubierto que las diferencias en la forma en que nuestros ojos procesan la luz pueden ser el factor determinante de cu\u00e1ndo dormimos de forma natural.<\/p>\n

Diferencias sensoriales entre diurnos y nocturnos<\/h2>\n

Existen algunas diferencias<\/a> entre los animales diurnos y nocturnos m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las horas a las que prefieren dormir. Los animales diurnos tienden a utilizar la visi\u00f3n como sentido principal para comunicarse en el mundo, mientras que los animales nocturnos tienden a utilizar el sonido. Los animales nocturnos han evolucionado para utilizar un sentido distinto de la vista como sentido primario y muchos han desarrollado sentidos especiales como la capacidad de percibir infrasonidos o la direcci\u00f3n del viento. Los animales nocturnos suelen ser dalt\u00f3nicos, mientras que los diurnos ven mejor los colores y tienen m\u00e1s conos oculares que funcionan mejor con luz brillante.<\/p>\n

Los ojos y los ciclos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia<\/h2>\n

\"Study<\/a>Los ojos y la forma en que se comunican con el cerebro desempe\u00f1an un papel intrincado en los ciclos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia. Cuando los ojos perciben la luz, env\u00edan un mensaje al n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico<\/a> del hipot\u00e1lamo. Esta min\u00fascula porci\u00f3n del cerebro se considera el reloj maestro del cuerpo humano, y tambi\u00e9n del de otros animales. A continuaci\u00f3n, el n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico env\u00eda mensajes a la gl\u00e1ndula pineal y a otras regiones del cerebro, indicando a las estructuras clave qu\u00e9 conjuntos de hormonas deben liberar para mantener los patrones de sue\u00f1o diurnos o nocturnos del sujeto.<\/p>\n

El n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico, o SCN, ha sido aceptado durante mucho tiempo como el centro funcional cerebral de nuestros ciclos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia. Sin embargo, nuevas investigaciones cuestionan este hecho. En las retinas de los ojos hay un conjunto de c\u00e9lulas denominadas c\u00e9lulas ganglionares de la retina intr\u00ednsecamente fotosensibles, o ipRGC. Aunque el n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico y las ipRGC funcionan de forma similar en los animales nocturnos, un nuevo estudio<\/a> sugiere que las ipRGC son en realidad dominantes en los diurnos. Las diferencias en los ciclos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia se deben, en cambio, a que la luz se procesa a trav\u00e9s de diferentes rutas hacia el cerebro y no est\u00e1n dictadas \u00fanicamente por el SCN, como se hab\u00eda teorizado.<\/p>\n

Qun-Yung Zhou, profesor de la Universidad de Irvine que dirigi\u00f3 el estudio, afirma que estos resultados tienen sentido desde un punto de vista intuitivo.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00abLos mam\u00edferos diurnos nos guiamos por la vista. Los ojos no s\u00f3lo nos gu\u00edan durante nuestro tiempo de vigilia, sino que tambi\u00e9n dictan cu\u00e1ndo nos vamos a dormir\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Este nuevo estudio anima a los cronobi\u00f3logos y otros cient\u00edficos que estudian los ciclos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia a pensar con originalidad. La luz es un factor importante en la regulaci\u00f3n de nuestro cuerpo, y puede resultar ser el factor m\u00e1s importante de todos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 algunos animales duermen de noche y otros de d\u00eda? Las investigaciones sugieren que la forma en que nuestros ojos procesan la luz puede ser un factor clave en nuestros ciclos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia. La mayor\u00eda de nosotros aprendimos en primaria la diferencia entre animales diurnos y nocturnos. Algunos animales est\u00e1n biol\u00f3gicamente programados para dormir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":24691,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[173,214],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-61849","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-el-ritmo-circadiano","8":"category-sueno","9":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStudy Finds Vision and Light are Key Players in Sleep-Wake Cycles<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why do some animals sleep at night while others sleep during the day? 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