{"id":61344,"date":"2015-05-29T17:15:43","date_gmt":"2015-05-29T17:15:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/parkinsons-disease-and-sleep-disorders-can-melatonin-help\/"},"modified":"2024-07-19T12:52:45","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T19:52:45","slug":"la-enfermedad-de-parkinson-y-los-trastornos-del-sue-o-puede-ayudar-la-melatonina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/la-enfermedad-de-parkinson-y-los-trastornos-del-sue-o-puede-ayudar-la-melatonina\/","title":{"rendered":"La enfermedad de Parkinson y los trastornos del sue\u00f1o: \u00bfPuede ayudar la melatonina?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b>Las personas que viven con la enfermedad de Parkinson descubren r\u00e1pidamente que incluso las tareas rutinarias se vuelven dif\u00edciles a medida que avanza la enfermedad. Es frecuente que la enfermedad de Parkinson y los trastornos del sue\u00f1o vayan de la mano. Nuevas investigaciones en cronobiolog\u00eda<\/a> sugieren que la melatonina<\/a>, en particular la de liberaci\u00f3n programada, no s\u00f3lo puede ayudar a las personas con enfermedad de Parkinson a conciliar el sue\u00f1o que necesitan, sino tambi\u00e9n a ralentizar el curso de esta devastadora enfermedad.<\/p>\n

La enfermedad de Parkinson y el sue\u00f1o<\/h2>\n

\"Parkinson's<\/a>La enfermedad de Parkinson, o EP, es una de las enfermedades neurodegenerativas m\u00e1s comunes, que afecta a millones de personas. Sus cuatro efectos principales son la rigidez muscular, los temblores, la bradicinesia (o lentitud de movimientos) y la sensaci\u00f3n de inestabilidad cuando se est\u00e1 erguido. Sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n son muy frecuentes los trastornos del sue\u00f1o y las alteraciones emocionales. De hecho, muchas personas desarrollan los trastornos del sue\u00f1o asociados a la EP antes de tener cualquier otro s\u00edntoma de la enfermedad.<\/p>\n

Las personas con EP suelen tener problemas para conciliar el sue\u00f1o y permanecer dormidas. El sue\u00f1o REM est\u00e1 especialmente alterado, y se produce demasiado tarde en el ciclo de sue\u00f1o o incluso no se produce en absoluto. Adem\u00e1s, muchos padecen apnea del sue\u00f1o, lo que reduce enormemente la calidad del sue\u00f1o. Gran parte de la fatiga y las alteraciones emocionales de esta enfermedad pueden deberse a los trastornos del sue\u00f1o que forman parte de la enfermedad de Parkinson.<\/p>\n

La fisiopatolog\u00eda de los trastornos del sue\u00f1o relacionados con la enfermedad de Parkinson<\/h2>\n

La melatonina es la principal hormona asociada al sue\u00f1o. Secretada por la gl\u00e1ndula pineal a partir de se\u00f1ales del n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico del cerebro, la melatonina se une a receptores en las c\u00e9lulas y activa o desactiva genes dependientes del tiempo. Mientras que el n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico no se ve afectado por la enfermedad de Parkinson, los receptores de melatonina parecen disminuir sustancialmente en las \u00e1reas del cerebro asociadas a la enfermedad de Parkinson. Esto impide que la melatonina estimule el sue\u00f1o en las personas que padecen EP y deja al ritmo circadiano sin una de sus principales fuentes de regulaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo puede ayudar la melatonina de liberaci\u00f3n prolongada?<\/h2>\n

La melatonina se ha utilizado durante mucho tiempo para tratar los trastornos del sue\u00f1o. Los investigadores han descubierto que, aunque la melatonina de inicio r\u00e1pido es mejor para los trastornos de inicio del sue\u00f1o o los trastornos que causan dificultad para conciliar el sue\u00f1o, no es eficaz para los trastornos de mantenimiento del sue\u00f1o. Las personas que padecen trastornos del mantenimiento del sue\u00f1o tienen dificultades para permanecer dormidas y, por tanto, necesitan una dosis constante de esta hormona a lo largo de la noche, imitando los niveles de melatonina de las personas que tienen un patr\u00f3n de sue\u00f1o saludable.<\/p>\n

Las personas con enfermedad de Parkinson suelen tener trastornos tanto del inicio como del mantenimiento del sue\u00f1o. Es importante que tengan un r\u00e9gimen de cronoterapia que incluya melatonina de liberaci\u00f3n programada para que puedan dormir toda la noche. Esto no s\u00f3lo hace que est\u00e9n m\u00e1s c\u00f3modos y descansados, sino que las investigaciones sugieren que algunos s\u00edntomas del Parkinson se hacen menos graves al tener un sue\u00f1o adecuado.<\/p>\n

\u00bfPuede la melatonina tratar otros s\u00edntomas de la enfermedad de Parkinson?<\/h2>\n

\"Parkinson's<\/a>Las personas con enfermedad de Parkinson que toman melatonina<\/a> tienden a tener menos s\u00edntomas de menor gravedad que las que no la toman. Durante mucho tiempo, esto se atribuy\u00f3 a la naturaleza reparadora de un sue\u00f1o adecuado. Sin embargo, ahora sabemos que la melatonina no s\u00f3lo es una hormona inductora del sue\u00f1o, sino tambi\u00e9n neuroprotectora. Aunque todav\u00eda se est\u00e1 investigando, se cree que las cualidades neuroprotectoras de la melatonina ralentizan la progresi\u00f3n de la EP<\/a>, retrasando el da\u00f1o neurol\u00f3gico que causa la p\u00e9rdida progresiva de la funci\u00f3n neuromuscular.<\/p>\n

El ritmo circadiano<\/a>, es decir, el ciclo de aproximadamente 24 horas del cuerpo, tambi\u00e9n es un factor importante que debe tenerse en cuenta a la hora de administrar otros medicamentos a las personas con EP. Los inhibidores de la COMT, por ejemplo, son una clase com\u00fan de f\u00e1rmacos utilizados para tratar la enfermedad de Parkinson. \u00c9stos se absorben en niveles mucho m\u00e1s altos cuando se toman por la ma\u00f1ana, ofreciendo as\u00ed un mayor efecto terap\u00e9utico. Dado que el tratamiento de la EP es complicado, es importante tomar los f\u00e1rmacos en los momentos en los que ser\u00e1n m\u00e1s eficaces.<\/p>\n

Los estudios en el campo de la cronobiolog\u00eda est\u00e1n ofreciendo nuevos tratamientos para algunas de las enfermedades m\u00e1s dif\u00edciles de la humanidad. Las personas que padecen la enfermedad de Parkinson podr\u00edan obtener pronto el sue\u00f1o que necesitan para funcionar, as\u00ed como tratamientos m\u00e1s eficaces, gracias a una mejor comprensi\u00f3n de los efectos de esta enfermedad sobre el ritmo circadiano.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las personas que viven con la enfermedad de Parkinson descubren r\u00e1pidamente que incluso las tareas rutinarias se vuelven dif\u00edciles a medida que avanza la enfermedad. Es frecuente que la enfermedad de Parkinson y los trastornos del sue\u00f1o vayan de la mano. Nuevas investigaciones en cronobiolog\u00eda sugieren que la melatonina, en particular la de liberaci\u00f3n programada, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[205,215,218,214],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-61344","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energia-es","8":"category-melatonina-es","9":"category-salud-mental","10":"category-sueno","11":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa enfermedad de Parkinson y los trastornos del sue\u00f1o: \u00bfPuede ayudar la melatonina? – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"People who live with Parkinson's disease quickly find that even routine tasks become difficult as the disease progresses. 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