{"id":61310,"date":"2015-04-22T19:49:10","date_gmt":"2015-04-22T19:49:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/chronobiology-reveals-telling-link-between-sleep-times-and-memory\/"},"modified":"2024-07-19T12:52:20","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T19:52:20","slug":"la-cronobiolog-a-revela-un-v-nculo-revelador-entre-las-horas-de-sue-o-y-la-memoria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/la-cronobiolog-a-revela-un-v-nculo-revelador-entre-las-horas-de-sue-o-y-la-memoria\/","title":{"rendered":"La cronobiolog\u00eda revela un v\u00ednculo revelador entre las horas de sue\u00f1o y la memoria"},"content":{"rendered":"

Desde que Ben Franklin public\u00f3 \u00abacostarse temprano y levantarse temprano hace al hombre sano, rico y sabio\u00bb, la gente ha comprendido que existe una fuerte correlaci\u00f3n entre el sue\u00f1o y la productividad. Sin embargo, en los \u00faltimos tiempos, la comprensi\u00f3n de lo poderosa que puede ser esa conexi\u00f3n ha aumentado dr\u00e1sticamente.<\/p>\n

Un estudio confirma que la alteraci\u00f3n del ritmo circadiano afecta a la memoria<\/h2>\n
\n

\"Chronobiology,<\/a>El bi\u00f3logo Norman Ruby, de la Universidad de Stanford, ha descubierto recientemente que no s\u00f3lo es crucial dormir lo suficiente. La sincronizaci\u00f3n es igual o m\u00e1s importante. En un convincente estudio cronobiol\u00f3gico<\/a>, descubri\u00f3 que los h\u00e1msters con ritmos circadianos<\/a> alterados, o ciclos corporales de 24 horas, son asombrosamente incapaces de retener informaci\u00f3n. El estudio es muy revelador, sobre todo para quienes se preguntan qu\u00e9 papel desempe\u00f1an el trabajo por turnos y los ciclos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia en la memoria y la capacidad cognitiva. Seg\u00fan Ruby:<\/p>\n

\n

\u00abLo que hemos podido demostrar es que la parte del cerebro que sabemos a ciencia cierta que contiene el reloj circadiano, el n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico (NSC), tambi\u00e9n desempe\u00f1a un papel importante en el aprendizaje y la memoria. Cuando ese reloj no funciona bien, aparecen d\u00e9ficits de memoria\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

La idea de que el reloj circadiano pueda influir en la p\u00e9rdida de memoria<\/a> no es nueva para los cient\u00edficos. Sin embargo, lo que s\u00ed es nuevo es el descubrimiento de que se puede extirpar el n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico, o \u00abSCN\u00bb, de los h\u00e1msters para devolver al instante sus capacidades cognitivas a la normalidad.<\/p>\n

Junto con sus compa\u00f1eros de investigaci\u00f3n Fabi\u00e1n Fern\u00e1ndez, el profesor de biolog\u00eda H. Craig Heller, Derek Lu, Phong Ha, Patricia Costacurta y Renee Ch\u00e1vez, Ruby est\u00e1 encantado con la idea de que el deterioro cognitivo humano pueda revertirse potencialmente como resultado de estos hallazgos. Dice:<\/p>\n

\n

Cuanto m\u00e1s lo investigo, m\u00e1s provocativa y factible me parece la idea de desactivar el SCN para recuperar la capacidad de memoria en los seres humanos\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u00abSi se est\u00e1 tratando un cerebro neurodegenerativo, en lugar de arreglar el reloj circadiano, podr\u00eda ser m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil apagar farmacol\u00f3gicamente el SCN. Me entusiasma la idea de explorarlo como nueva diana para tratar algunos tipos de trastornos de la memoria en adultos.\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Ritmos circadianos y memoria<\/h2>\n

Si no tiene del todo claro c\u00f3mo afecta a la memoria la biolog\u00eda circadiana, no es el \u00fanico. Las mentes m\u00e1s brillantes de este campo siguen rasc\u00e1ndose la cabeza, pero los avances avanzan con paso firme hacia algunos descubrimientos sustanciales. Uno de los mejores ejemplos de estos nuevos descubrimientos se refiere a una sustancia qu\u00edmica cerebral responsable de suprimir la actividad cerebral. Este neuroqu\u00edmico, el GABA, desempe\u00f1a<\/a> un papel fundamental en el baile constante que nuestras mentes realizan en el equilibrio entre la estimulaci\u00f3n mental y el reposo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Chronobiology,<\/a>Todos los cerebros de mam\u00edferos realizan un constante acto de equilibrio entre la excitaci\u00f3n y la inhibici\u00f3n cerebrales. El reloj circadiano<\/a> libera GABA en distintas partes del cerebro a lo largo del d\u00eda. Por ejemplo, hacia las 9 de la noche, la parte del cerebro que controla la digesti\u00f3n empieza a desconectarse. Los ri\u00f1ones, por su parte, descansan a las 5 de la ma\u00f1ana. Entre la 1 y las 2 de la tarde, el cerebro se relaja y suena muy bien una siesta.<\/p>\n

El papel del GABA<\/h2>\n

Para quienes tienen problemas de memoria, la funci\u00f3n del GABA est\u00e1 demostrando ser un factor importante. Al fin y al cabo, al igual que proporciona periodos de descanso a otras partes del cerebro, la sustancia qu\u00edmica GABA tambi\u00e9n inhibe la parte del hipocampo del cerebro -s\u00ed, \u00e9sa es una de las zonas donde se forman, organizan y almacenan los recuerdos. Cuando el ritmo circadiano est\u00e1 desalineado, esta supresi\u00f3n cerebral puede confundirse y, en lugar de proporcionar un descanso temporal, puede desencadenar una inhibici\u00f3n constante de la memoria por GABA. Esto significa que la nueva informaci\u00f3n no se almacena en el banco de memoria, lo que puede ser especialmente peligroso para las personas con problemas como la demencia o el s\u00edndrome de Down.<\/p>\n

Mantener el ritmo circadiano en equilibrio es vital para mantener los procesos de inhibici\u00f3n cerebral del GABA en sincronizaci\u00f3n r\u00edtmica en lugar de supresi\u00f3n constante.<\/p>\n

Entonces, \u00bfqu\u00e9 equilibra los ciclos de inhibici\u00f3n del GABA? \u00bfExiste alguna sustancia qu\u00edmica contrarrestante que pueda aumentarse para aquellos que se enfrentan a funciones cerebrales excesivamente inhibidas causadas por un exceso de GABA?<\/p>\n

S\u00ed, existe. El producto qu\u00edmico que contrarresta GABA se llama pentylenetetrazole, o PTZ. Esta sustancia qu\u00edmica impide que el GABA \u00abduerma\u00bb las sinapsis, permitiendo que el cerebro siga disparando. Cuando el equipo de Ruby administr\u00f3 PTZ a h\u00e1msters con deficiencias de memoria para mantener activos sus procesos de memoria, \u00e9stas desaparecieron. Para quienes trabajan para ayudar a los enfermos de Alzheimer y demencia, las implicaciones son apasionantes. Ruby explica:<\/p>\n

\n

\u00abEn los humanos que envejecen, una de las grandes cosas que ocurre es que el sistema circadiano empieza a degradarse y a descomponerse. Cuando uno envejece, por supuesto, muchas cosas se estropean, pero si el sistema circadiano interviene en la funci\u00f3n de la memoria, podr\u00eda ser que la degradaci\u00f3n de los ritmos circadianos en los ancianos contribuyera a sus problemas de memoria a corto plazo. Hay muchas cosas que pueden hacer que falle la memoria, pero la idea ser\u00eda que, en t\u00e9rminos de desarrollo de tratamientos terap\u00e9uticos, aqu\u00ed tenemos un nuevo \u00e1ngulo.<\/p>\n

\"Chronobiology,<\/a>\u00abTambi\u00e9n es importante porque es una de las primeras pruebas de que perder el ritmo circadiano cuesta algo. Dificulta el aprendizaje. Y el mecanismo subyacente es que tienes demasiado GABA\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 significa esto para usted? Una de las mejores cosas que puedes hacer para mantener los procesos de tu cuerpo en \u00f3ptimas condiciones es proporcionarles una cantidad \u00f3ptima de descanso en los momentos correctos. Hacerlo puede hacer algo m\u00e1s que ayudarte a no estar de mal humor: puede mantener tu memoria fuerte.<\/p>\n

Esto demuestra que Benjamin Franklin sab\u00eda lo que dec\u00eda: acostarse pronto y levantarse temprano mantendr\u00e1 tu cerebro sano, as\u00ed que hazlo y s\u00e9 sabio.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Desde que Ben Franklin public\u00f3 \u00abacostarse temprano y levantarse temprano hace al hombre sano, rico y sabio\u00bb, la gente ha comprendido que existe una fuerte correlaci\u00f3n entre el sue\u00f1o y la productividad. Sin embargo, en los \u00faltimos tiempos, la comprensi\u00f3n de lo poderosa que puede ser esa conexi\u00f3n ha aumentado dr\u00e1sticamente. Un estudio confirma que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[173,218,214,216],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-61310","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-el-ritmo-circadiano","8":"category-salud-mental","9":"category-sueno","10":"category-trabajo-por-turnos","11":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa cronobiolog\u00eda revela un v\u00ednculo revelador entre las horas de sue\u00f1o y la memoria – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ever since Ben Franklin published "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, and wealthy, and wise", people have understood that there's a strong correlation between sleep and productivity. 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