{"id":61278,"date":"2015-03-11T23:29:48","date_gmt":"2015-03-11T23:29:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/melatonin-sleep-disorders-chronopharmacology\/"},"modified":"2024-07-19T12:51:52","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T19:51:52","slug":"melatonina-trastornos-del-sue-o-y-cronofarmacolog-a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/melatonina-trastornos-del-sue-o-y-cronofarmacolog-a\/","title":{"rendered":"Melatonina, trastornos del sue\u00f1o y cronofarmacolog\u00eda"},"content":{"rendered":"

Todas las semanas se publican y aparecen en los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n nuevos estudios sobre cronobiolog\u00eda<\/a>. En particular, se habla con frecuencia de la importancia de los niveles de melatonina. Sin embargo, muchas personas no comprenden los fundamentos de esta hormona. La melatonina, o \u00abla hormona madre de la cronobiolog\u00eda\u00bb, tiene varios efectos, los principales de los cuales son ayudar al individuo a conciliar un sue\u00f1o saludable y mantener el reloj interno sincronizado con elciclo de<\/span> 24 horas.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la melatonina?<\/h2>\n
\n

\"Melatonin,<\/a>La melatonina<\/a> es una hormona producida por la gl\u00e1ndula pineal que regula el ciclo sue\u00f1o-vigilia. Su producci\u00f3n y liberaci\u00f3n en el torrente sangu\u00edneo se inducen en respuesta a la oscuridad, pero tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1 presente en peque\u00f1as cantidades en los alimentos. Las cantidades presentes de forma natural en los alimentos no suelen ser suficientes para afectar a los sistemas biol\u00f3gicos.<\/p>\n

Cuando es producida por la gl\u00e1ndula pineal, esta hormona controla los ciclos innatos de sue\u00f1o-vigilia. Cuando el cuerpo percibe la oscuridad, los niveles de melatonina aumentan en el torrente sangu\u00edneo, alcanzan su m\u00e1ximo alrededor de la medianoche y luego disminuyen gradualmente hasta el amanecer, cuando los niveles descienden significativamente. La melatonina da la se\u00f1al de que ha llegado el momento de ralentizar las actividades para prepararse para dormir y, a continuaci\u00f3n, ayuda al individuo a conciliar el sue\u00f1o y a permanecer dormido durante toda la noche. Mientras duerme, el cuerpo experimenta una pl\u00e9tora de procesos, como el crecimiento de las c\u00e9lulas madre, que no deben ser perturbados. Es muy importante para la salud en general tener niveles de melatonina que faciliten un sue\u00f1o reparador adecuado.<\/p>\n

El funcionamiento de su reloj interno<\/h2>\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo favorece la oscuridad la producci\u00f3n de melatonina y, por tanto, el sue\u00f1o? Estudios modernos de biolog\u00eda circadiana han identificado exactamente qu\u00e9 mecanismos conducen de la sensaci\u00f3n de oscuridad al sue\u00f1o. Unos sensores especiales situados en la retina del ojo detectan la luz. Cuando hay luz, env\u00edan se\u00f1ales nerviosas al n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico del hipot\u00e1lamo, que es una parte del cerebro. El n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico, o SCN, se conoce como el \u00abreloj maestro\u00bb y ayuda a gobernar muchos de los ritmos de nuestro cuerpo de acuerdo con el ciclo de 24 horas.<\/p>\n

Cuando es estimulado por la luz, el SCN env\u00eda se\u00f1ales que impiden que la gl\u00e1ndula pineal libere melatonina en grandes cantidades. Por este motivo, los niveles de melatonina durante las horas de luz solar son tan bajos que apenas son detectables en personas sanas. Sin embargo, una vez que deja de percibirse la luz, la gl\u00e1ndula pineal se activa y libera melatonina. La producci\u00f3n y liberaci\u00f3n de melatonina se produce durante unas 12 horas y luego cesa cuando se vuelve a percibir la luz.<\/p>\n

El papel de la melatonina en el ritmo circadiano<\/h2>\n

\"Melatonin,<\/a>A la melatonina se la llama \u00abla hormona vampiro\u00bb por su fuerte presencia s\u00f3lo durante las horas de la noche. De hecho, tomar suplementos de melatonina puede hacer que incluso las personas bien descansadas se sientan m\u00e1s somnolientas. La melatonina no s\u00f3lo hace que la gente tenga sue\u00f1o por la noche, sino que tambi\u00e9n desalienta la producci\u00f3n de cortisol y otras hormonas que fomentan la actividad y la vigilia. La melatonina env\u00eda al cerebro la se\u00f1al de que ha llegado el momento de pasar de la vigilia al sue\u00f1o<\/a>.<\/p>\n

La importancia de la melatonina tanto para el sue\u00f1o reparador como para la salud en general es objeto de numerosos estudios en cronobiolog\u00eda. De hecho, existe un campo llamado cronofarmacolog\u00eda<\/a> que estudia exclusivamente c\u00f3mo los suplementos y medicamentos afectan y se ven afectados por nuestro ritmo circadiano. La melatonina es actualmente la hormona m\u00e1s estudiada en cronofarmacolog\u00eda debido a su importante papel en los ciclos del sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

Melatonina, trastornos del sue\u00f1o y cronofarmacolog\u00eda<\/h2>\n

Muchos trastornos de salud pueden estar relacionados con un desequilibrio de la melatonina. Por ejemplo, el trastorno afectivo estacional<\/a> suele estar relacionado con una producci\u00f3n de melatonina m\u00e1s temprana o m\u00e1s tard\u00eda debido a una luz m\u00e1s difusa en los meses de clima fr\u00edo. Adem\u00e1s, muchas personas mayores sufren una lenta ca\u00edda de los niveles de melatonina que provoca insomnio y problemas para conciliar el sue\u00f1o. Para las personas que sufren un bajo nivel de melatonina, tomar un suplemento puede mejorar su salud y su calidad de vida en general.<\/p>\n

Cuando el cuerpo no duerme lo suficiente, o cuando el sue\u00f1o no se produce por la noche, las c\u00e9lulas no pueden someterse a los numerosos procesos de reparaci\u00f3n que se producen normalmente durante este periodo de tiempo. Se sospecha que este es un factor que contribuye a la depresi\u00f3n, las enfermedades card\u00edacas, el c\u00e1ncer y una amplia variedad de problemas de salud.<\/p>\n

Melatonina para la salud en general<\/h2>\n

Los investigadores en cronofarmacolog\u00eda, o el estudio de c\u00f3mo los medicamentos y suplementos interact\u00faan con los ritmos circadianos, est\u00e1n descubriendo que una amplia variedad de s\u00edntomas y trastornos pueden tratarse o aliviarse tomando un suplemento de melatonina a la hora correcta de la noche.<\/p>\n

La melatonina es importante para un sue\u00f1o sano, que es crucial para una buena salud general. Los estudios en cronobiolog\u00eda est\u00e1n demostrando lo importante que es mantener unos h\u00e1bitos de sue\u00f1o saludables. Aunque la vida moderna no es propicia para dormir bien, nuestros relojes internos dictan tantos procesos vitales que no podemos ignorarlos sin graves consecuencias para la salud. Mantener unos niveles saludables de melatonina durante la noche es un factor importante para la salud emocional y f\u00edsica.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Todas las semanas se publican y aparecen en los medios de comunicaci\u00f3n nuevos estudios sobre cronobiolog\u00eda. En particular, se habla con frecuencia de la importancia de los niveles de melatonina. Sin embargo, muchas personas no comprenden los fundamentos de esta hormona. La melatonina, o \u00abla hormona madre de la cronobiolog\u00eda\u00bb, tiene varios efectos, los principales […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[215,214,216],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-61278","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-melatonina-es","8":"category-sueno","9":"category-trabajo-por-turnos","10":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMelatonina, trastornos del sue\u00f1o y cronofarmacolog\u00eda – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New studies in chronobiology are being released and covered in the media every week. 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Melatonin, or \"the mother hormone of chronobiology\", has various effects, the main ones being helping an individual achieve healthy sleep and keeping the internal clock in sync with the 24-hour cycle.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/melatonina-trastornos-del-sue-o-y-cronofarmacolog-a\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/melatonina-trastornos-del-sue-o-y-cronofarmacolog-a\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/melatonina-trastornos-del-sue-o-y-cronofarmacolog-a\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/melatonin-sleep-disorders-and-chronopharmacology-3.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/melatonin-sleep-disorders-and-chronopharmacology-3.jpg","width":1800,"height":679},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/melatonina-trastornos-del-sue-o-y-cronofarmacolog-a\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Melatonina, trastornos del sue\u00f1o y cronofarmacolog\u00eda"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/","name":"Chronobiology.com","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/#organization","name":"Chronobiology","url":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/chronobiology_logo_en_r.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/chronobiology_logo_en_r.png","width":375,"height":90,"caption":"Chronobiology"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/chronobiology","https:\/\/x.com\/chronobionews","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/chronobiology\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/chronobiology\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/#\/schema\/person\/bbdffa2f15784a87635cc2a178677bf9","name":"Edwin Urbina","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9f2b187e688142c648b715334f89c7c0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9f2b187e688142c648b715334f89c7c0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Edwin Urbina"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61278"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61278"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61281,"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61278\/revisions\/61281"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}