{"id":61244,"date":"2015-02-20T18:34:38","date_gmt":"2015-02-20T18:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/seasonal-affective-disorder-sunlight-and-your-circadian-rhythm\/"},"modified":"2024-07-19T12:51:34","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T19:51:34","slug":"trastorno-afectivo-estacional-la-luz-solar-y-el-ritmo-circadiano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/trastorno-afectivo-estacional-la-luz-solar-y-el-ritmo-circadiano\/","title":{"rendered":"Trastorno afectivo estacional: La luz solar y el ritmo circadiano"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nuestros ritmos circadianos<\/a>, o relojes internos, controlan muchos procesos biol\u00f3gicos vitales como el sue\u00f1o, los ciclos celulares e incluso la curaci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, nuevas pruebas sugieren que los ritmos circadianos tambi\u00e9n pueden ser un factor importante en el trastorno afectivo estacional o TAE.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el trastorno afectivo estacional?<\/h2>\n

\"Seasonal<\/a>Los s\u00edntomas del trastorno afectivo estacional<\/a> son similares a los de la depresi\u00f3n. Adem\u00e1s, los afectados pueden sentir un aumento del apetito y un alto nivel de fatiga en comparaci\u00f3n con otros tipos de depresi\u00f3n. Sin embargo, estos s\u00edntomas s\u00f3lo aparecen en los meses de clima fr\u00edo. Una d\u00e9cima parte de los adultos de EE.UU. y el Reino Unido padecen este trastorno, y se cree que la tasa es la misma en otros pa\u00edses que tienen una menor calidad de luz en oto\u00f1o e invierno.<\/p>\n

El TAE, antes considerado un mito, se considera ahora un trastorno depresivo mayor muy real y debilitante, incluido en el Manual Diagn\u00f3stico y Estad\u00edstico de los Trastornos Mentales. Se ha estudiado mucho debido al creciente inter\u00e9s cient\u00edfico y m\u00e9dico por la cronobiolog\u00eda<\/a>, es decir, el estudio de c\u00f3mo afectan los relojes biol\u00f3gicos al cuerpo humano.<\/p>\n

Causas del trastorno afectivo estacional<\/h2>\n

Existen varias causas del trastorno afectivo estacional. En primer lugar, parece tener una causa gen\u00e9tica, ya que las personas tienen m\u00e1s riesgo cuando tienen un pariente que padece el trastorno. Tener antecedentes de depresi\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n aumenta el riesgo de padecer TAE. Sin embargo, nuevas investigaciones <\/a>sugieren que la causa subyacente es una alteraci\u00f3n del ritmo circadiano natural del organismo. Nuestro reloj interno depende de la luz para saber cu\u00e1ndo dormir, cu\u00e1ndo comer e incluso cu\u00e1ndo deben dividirse nuestras c\u00e9lulas.<\/p>\n

Menos luz solar significa que estos ritmos dejan de funcionar con normalidad. La melatonina<\/a>, la hormona que nos indica que debemos dormir, se ve especialmente afectada. Los pacientes con TAE tienen altos niveles de melatonina incluso durante las horas de luz en invierno. Adem\u00e1s, la falta de se\u00f1ales luminosas en el hipot\u00e1lamo provoca niveles bajos de serotonina, responsable de otros tipos de depresi\u00f3n mayor.<\/p>\n

La investigaci\u00f3n sobre las personas que padecen trastorno afectivo estacional ha descubierto que a menudo presentan alteraciones no diagnosticadas en sus ritmos circadianos. Estas peque\u00f1as alteraciones pueden hacerles vulnerables al TAE.<\/p>\n

Tratamiento del TAE<\/h2>\n

El tratamiento del trastorno afectivo estacional es similar al de otras formas de depresi\u00f3n e incluye antidepresivos y psicoterapia. Tambi\u00e9n se ha comprobado que resulta \u00fatil exponerse m\u00e1s a la luz<\/a>. La Asociaci\u00f3n Americana de Psiquiatr\u00eda recomienda que las personas con riesgo de padecer TAE o que lo padezcan realicen ejercicio al aire libre cuando haya luz solar y tambi\u00e9n utilicen terapia con cajas de luz bajo la supervisi\u00f3n de un m\u00e9dico. Las cajas de luz sustituyen a la luz solar perdida por el clima invernal y ayudan al cerebro a restablecer el equilibrio neuroqu\u00edmico.<\/p>\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo puede afectar la luz al estado de \u00e1nimo?<\/h2>\n

\"Seasonal<\/a>Muchos de nuestros ritmos circadianos dependen de la luz solar. Los relojes internos que dependen de la luz solar se denominan ritmos diurnos. Nuestras retinas tienen fotorreceptores que utilizan la luz para darnos visi\u00f3n. Sin embargo, \u00e9stos tambi\u00e9n controlan los niveles de luz y transmiten mensajes sobre estos niveles al cerebro, especialmente al n\u00facleo supraquiasm\u00e1tico del hipot\u00e1lamo, donde se controlan muchos de nuestros ritmos circadianos.<\/p>\n

Dado que los ritmos diurnos desempe\u00f1an un papel tan importante en el estado de \u00e1nimo y el sue\u00f1o, los cambios en la calidad de la luz pueden afectarlos enormemente. Los niveles de melatonina aumentan, haciendo que la gente tenga m\u00e1s sue\u00f1o, mientras que los niveles de serotonina descienden y dejan a la gente sin sensaci\u00f3n de alegr\u00eda. Es f\u00e1cil ver c\u00f3mo estos cambios bioqu\u00edmicos pueden conducir a la depresi\u00f3n en personas con una predisposici\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica. Se ha demostrado que incluso media hora al d\u00eda de fototerapia reduce los s\u00edntomas del trastorno afectivo estacional.<\/p>\n

El trastorno afectivo estacional puede ser una lucha debilitante para la salud. Sin embargo, tambi\u00e9n es un \u00e1rea de inter\u00e9s para los investigadores. Apenas estamos empezando a comprender el enorme papel que desempe\u00f1a nuestro ritmo circadiano en las funciones de nuestro organismo y en nuestra calidad de vida.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nuestros ritmos circadianos, o relojes internos, controlan muchos procesos biol\u00f3gicos vitales como el sue\u00f1o, los ciclos celulares e incluso la curaci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, nuevas pruebas sugieren que los ritmos circadianos tambi\u00e9n pueden ser un factor importante en el trastorno afectivo estacional o TAE. \u00bfQu\u00e9 es el trastorno afectivo estacional? Los s\u00edntomas del trastorno afectivo estacional […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":23147,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[205,215,218,214],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-61244","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-energia-es","8":"category-melatonina-es","9":"category-salud-mental","10":"category-sueno","11":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTrastorno afectivo estacional: La luz solar y el ritmo circadiano – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Our circadian rhythms, or internal clocks, control many vital biological processes such as sleep, cell cycles, and even healing. 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