{"id":61202,"date":"2015-01-22T18:57:16","date_gmt":"2015-01-22T18:57:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/chronobiology-circadian-rhythms-and-the-science-of-sleep\/"},"modified":"2024-07-19T12:51:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T19:51:17","slug":"cronobiolog-a-ritmos-circadianos-y-la-ciencia-del-sue-o","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/cronobiolog-a-ritmos-circadianos-y-la-ciencia-del-sue-o\/","title":{"rendered":"Cronobiolog\u00eda, ritmos circadianos y la ciencia del sue\u00f1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dormir deber\u00eda ser una actividad humana natural, realizada sin pensar y sin dificultad. Sin embargo, muchas personas tienen problemas con sus patrones de sue\u00f1o<\/a> que afectan a su capacidad para funcionar eficazmente durante el d\u00eda. Los cient\u00edficos est\u00e1n empezando a estudiar de cerca estos problemas para determinar formas de corregirlos y garantizar que las personas se beneficien de cada noche de descanso.<\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es la cronobiolog\u00eda?<\/h2>\n

\"Chronobiology,<\/a>La cronobiolog\u00eda<\/a> es el estudio de los ciclos y ritmos fisiol\u00f3gicos que se producen en los organismos vivos, incluidos los seres humanos. La palabra proviene del griego, chronos<\/em>, que significa \u00abtiempo\u00bb, bio<\/em>, que significa \u00abvida\u00bb y ologia<\/em>, que significa \u00abel estudio de\u00bb. Muchos sistemas biol\u00f3gicos siguen patrones o ritmos, como la alimentaci\u00f3n, el sue\u00f1o, la migraci\u00f3n, el apareamiento y otras actividades. Estos ritmos suelen estar influidos por factores ambientales y funcionan como un \u00abreloj\u00bb dentro del cerebro que regula importantes funciones humanas. Los cient\u00edficos estudian estas interacciones para saber m\u00e1s sobre los organismos y c\u00f3mo mantener su salud.<\/p>\n

La cronobiolog\u00eda del sue\u00f1o<\/h2>\n

Al igual que otras criaturas, los seres humanos duermen para descansar. Sin embargo, en los humanos, la mente tambi\u00e9n utiliza este tiempo para desconectar de los acontecimientos vividos durante el estado de vigilia. La alternancia de periodos de luz y oscuridad a medida que pasan los d\u00edas ayuda a regular nuestros relojes internos para inducir patrones de sue\u00f1o. Sin embargo, algunos factores pueden alterar los ciclos naturales de sue\u00f1o y vigilia. Esta alteraci\u00f3n puede tener amplios efectos en el estado de \u00e1nimo, los niveles hormonales, la temperatura corporal y la agudeza mental. En la actualidad, un gran n\u00famero de personas viven y trabajan en entornos que ofrecen condiciones muy diferentes a las que encontrar\u00edan en la naturaleza. Est\u00e1n expuestas a la luz artificial durante m\u00e1s horas al d\u00eda y pueden pasar muchas m\u00e1s horas en interiores durante los meses de invierno, por lo que rara vez se exponen a la luz natural durante esta estaci\u00f3n. Esta divergencia de las condiciones naturales puede tener un efecto perjudicial en los ciclos del sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

Factores que afectan a la calidad del sue\u00f1o<\/h2>\n

\"Chronobiology,<\/a>Hay una serie de factores que pueden influir en el establecimiento de patrones de sue\u00f1o beneficiosos:<\/p>\n

Horarios regulares:<\/strong> Las personas que tienen horarios de trabajo regulares y son capaces de dividir su d\u00eda en distintos periodos de alerta y descanso tienen m\u00e1s probabilidades de disfrutar de patrones de sue\u00f1o saludables. Los trabajadores con turnos cambiantes corren un riesgo especial de sufrir trastornos del sue\u00f1o a largo plazo.<\/p>\n

Largas jornadas laborales:<\/strong> Durante el invierno, muchas personas tienen que salir de casa a oscuras para ir a trabajar y volver a casa a oscuras al final del d\u00eda. Esta falta de exposici\u00f3n a la luz natural puede provocar alteraciones en el ritmo circadiano<\/a> que regula los ciclos del sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

Problemas de salud:<\/strong> Las personas que sufren problemas m\u00e9dicos pueden correr el riesgo de tener problemas de sue\u00f1o debido al dolor, los efectos de los medicamentos y la falta de actividad f\u00edsica. Estos problemas pueden provocar cambios en el ritmo circadiano que alteren el sue\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

Envejecimiento:<\/strong> Las personas mayores a menudo tienen dificultades para mantener patrones de sue\u00f1o saludables debido a la falta de actividad, problemas m\u00e9dicos, medicamentos o cambios metab\u00f3licos debidos a la edad. La falta de sue\u00f1o de calidad puede provocar fatiga y siestas durante el d\u00eda, lo que refuerza a\u00fan m\u00e1s los ciclos alterados.<\/p>\n

Los problemas de sue\u00f1o perjudican la salud<\/h2>\n

\"Chronobiology,<\/a>Los efectos de la falta de sue\u00f1o son bien conocidos desde hace d\u00e9cadas. Las personas privadas de sue\u00f1o pueden experimentar graves alteraciones de la funci\u00f3n cerebral, incluidas alucinaciones y un r\u00e1pido deterioro de la salud. Sin embargo, incluso peque\u00f1as alteraciones en los ciclos normales del sue\u00f1o pueden causar diversos efectos a lo largo del tiempo. El insomnio se ha asociado a tasas m\u00e1s elevadas de accidentes, problemas de memoria, obesidad, depresi\u00f3n, envejecimiento de la piel, disminuci\u00f3n de la libido, falta de juicio y est\u00e1 relacionado con problemas de salud m\u00e1s graves, como cardiopat\u00edas, diabetes, hipertensi\u00f3n e ictus. Un sue\u00f1o saludable ayuda a reducir los niveles normales de estr\u00e9s en el cuerpo, lo que tiene un profundo efecto en los procesos f\u00edsicos.<\/p>\n

Investigaci\u00f3n sobre los ritmos circadianos<\/h2>\n

Los cient\u00edficos han aprendido que las alteraciones del ritmo circadiano tienen un efecto significativo en los ciclos del sue\u00f1o. Al igual que los animales toman se\u00f1ales del entorno que les rodea para sobrevivir, los seres humanos tambi\u00e9n han evolucionado para reaccionar a las se\u00f1ales del entorno. Cuando las se\u00f1ales normales para las funciones f\u00edsicas est\u00e1n ausentes o incluso ligeramente desplazadas, pueden producirse reacciones significativas en el organismo. Los patrones de oscuridad y luz, los niveles de sonido y otros factores pueden imposibilitar los ciclos normales de sue\u00f1o e impedir la acci\u00f3n reparadora del sue\u00f1o para aliviar el estr\u00e9s, bajar la tensi\u00f3n arterial y permitir la revisi\u00f3n mental de los acontecimientos vitales mediante los periodos de sue\u00f1o REM. Se trata de actividades cr\u00edticas que permiten a los seres humanos seguir realizando la amplia gama de actividades f\u00edsicas y mentales necesarias durante las horas de vigilia.<\/p>\n

La cronobiolog\u00eda ofrece ayuda contra el insomnio y el sue\u00f1o deficiente<\/h2>\n
\n

Las investigaciones sobre cronobiolog\u00eda y trastornos del sue\u00f1o revelan que manipular la cantidad de luz a la que se expone un individuo puede ayudar a reajustar el reloj interno e inducir patrones de sue\u00f1o m\u00e1s naturales. Del mismo modo que el aumento de la exposici\u00f3n a la luz puede ayudar a aliviar el trastorno afectivo estacional, la fototerapia<\/a> puede utilizarse para enga\u00f1ar al cuerpo haci\u00e9ndole creer que ha experimentado una cantidad normal de luz diurna, permiti\u00e9ndole adormecerse en las horas vespertinas y produciendo un mejor sue\u00f1o durante las horas nocturnas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dormir deber\u00eda ser una actividad humana natural, realizada sin pensar y sin dificultad. Sin embargo, muchas personas tienen problemas con sus patrones de sue\u00f1o que afectan a su capacidad para funcionar eficazmente durante el d\u00eda. Los cient\u00edficos est\u00e1n empezando a estudiar de cerca estos problemas para determinar formas de corregirlos y garantizar que las personas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":23059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[173,215,214,216],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-61202","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-el-ritmo-circadiano","8":"category-melatonina-es","9":"category-sueno","10":"category-trabajo-por-turnos","11":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCronobiolog\u00eda, ritmos circadianos y la ciencia del sue\u00f1o – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sleep should be a natural human activity, done without thought and without difficulty. 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