{"id":61140,"date":"2014-12-05T18:17:23","date_gmt":"2014-12-05T18:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/how-shift-work-negatively-affects-our-biological-rhythms\/"},"modified":"2024-07-19T12:50:58","modified_gmt":"2024-07-19T19:50:58","slug":"c-mo-afecta-negativamente-el-trabajo-por-turnos-a-nuestros-ritmos-biol-gicos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/es\/c-mo-afecta-negativamente-el-trabajo-por-turnos-a-nuestros-ritmos-biol-gicos\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo afecta negativamente el trabajo por turnos a nuestros ritmos biol\u00f3gicos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las industrias modernas mantienen a la gente trabajando las veinticuatro horas del d\u00eda. Fuera de la rutina general de nueve a cinco, existen los trabajadores por turnos. Estas personas trabajan hasta tarde, rotan sus horarios de una semana a otra o intentan seguir trabajando hasta el amanecer. Mientras consumen una taza de caf\u00e9<\/a> tras otra para mantener a raya la presi\u00f3n de la fase REM, las constantes ganas de dormir les siguen dando la lata durante toda la noche. \"Shift<\/a><\/p>\n

Basta con que un operario de maquinaria pesada demasiado cansado se quede dormido en su puesto para que se produzca una situaci\u00f3n peligrosa en la planta. Las exigencias del trabajo obligan a los que trabajan en el turno de noche a seguir adelante mientras su reloj biol\u00f3gico les dice que es hora de dormir. Aunque el turno haya terminado, en el momento en que el trabajador exhausto se pone al volante, la posibilidad de dormitar mientras conduce se convierte tambi\u00e9n en un peligro para otros conductores desprevenidos. Aunque los peligros de no dormir lo suficiente est\u00e1n bien documentados desde hace a\u00f1os, muchas personas siguen sin ser conscientes del impacto negativo que tiene dormir hasta tarde en sus ritmos biol\u00f3gicos internos y en su salud en general.<\/p>\n

La ciencia de la cronobiolog\u00eda<\/h2>\n

\"Shift<\/a>Situado en el hipot\u00e1lamo, todo ser humano est\u00e1 equipado con un reloj biol\u00f3gico. Este reloj interno rige la sincronizaci\u00f3n de los ritmos biol\u00f3gicos<\/a>. Fija el cuerpo en un ciclo de 24 horas que suele ser regular, lo que se conoce como ritmo circadiano. Cuando una persona no tiene acceso a las se\u00f1ales horarias normales del entorno, como los cambios en la intensidad de la luz producidos por la posici\u00f3n del sol, el ritmo circadiano se ajusta por defecto a un ciclo peri\u00f3dico de aproximadamente 24,3 horas. Los cient\u00edficos que investigan en el campo de la cronobiolog\u00eda<\/a> han encontrado recientemente pruebas de factores gen\u00e9ticos que han ayudado a identificar que la periodicidad del ritmo circadiano de cada individuo es el resultado de la herencia gen\u00e9tica. Adem\u00e1s de estudiar el papel de la gen\u00e9tica en los ritmos biol\u00f3gicos, una parte importante de los estudios de los cronobi\u00f3logos se centra en los problemas ocupacionales y patol\u00f3gicos que producen trastornos relacionados con el ritmo biol\u00f3gico.<\/p>\n

Peligros de alterar nuestro ciclo circadiano<\/h2>\n

Dado que los trabajadores por turnos trabajan habitualmente con un horario que se opone al ritmo circadiano inherente al cuerpo, estas alteraciones se han convertido en una importante fuente de preocupaci\u00f3n para los cronobi\u00f3logos y otros m\u00e9dicos. Las alteraciones frecuentes de los ritmos normales<\/a> del cuerpo se han relacionado con una serie de trastornos perjudiciales para la salud, que van desde los pacientes que presentan problemas relacionados con el sue\u00f1o hasta afecciones m\u00e9dicas graves como la obesidad, la diabetes y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Tambi\u00e9n se ha observado que las personas que viajan con frecuencia a trav\u00e9s de muchas zonas horarias acaban experimentando muchos resultados indeseables, como el jet lag. Esta afecci\u00f3n, que se produce cuando el reloj interno del cuerpo se desincroniza con el entorno exterior, produce s\u00edntomas de somnolencia, irritabilidad e incluso molestias gastrointestinales. Sin embargo, hallazgos recientes tambi\u00e9n han demostrado que la leve privaci\u00f3n de ox\u00edgeno que experimentan los pasajeros durante los vuelos largos, tambi\u00e9n ha producido evidencias de reducciones en los niveles m\u00e1ximos nocturnos de melatonina. En consecuencia, los trabajadores por turnos que tambi\u00e9n vuelan con frecuencia debido a su trabajo podr\u00edan tener un mayor riesgo de sufrir trastornos de salud relacionados con el ritmo biol\u00f3gico.<\/p>\n

Cambios en el estilo de vida para mejorar los trastornos del trabajo por turnos<\/h2>\n

Para las personas que corren el riesgo de sufrir problemas de salud debido a trastornos del ritmo biol\u00f3gico, es necesario cambiar el estilo de vida para ayudar a que el cuerpo y sus ritmos biol\u00f3gicos vuelvan a la normalidad. Aunque el trabajo por turnos suele estar en el centro de estos problemas, cambiar a un horario diurno es un cambio importante en el estilo de vida que mejorar\u00e1 dr\u00e1sticamente los ritmos biol\u00f3gicos de una persona, permiti\u00e9ndole realinearse con el entorno exterior. Otra medida importante a tener en cuenta es reducir significativamente o eliminar la cantidad de cafe\u00edna de la dieta de una persona. La cafe\u00edna tiene un efecto estimulante en el organismo, lo que har\u00e1 que el cuerpo est\u00e9 despierto cuando deber\u00eda estar prepar\u00e1ndose para dormir. Evitar hacer ejercicio muchas horas antes de acostarse tambi\u00e9n es recomendable para quienes intentan adquirir el h\u00e1bito de normalizar sus ritmos biol\u00f3gicos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Las industrias modernas mantienen a la gente trabajando las veinticuatro horas del d\u00eda. Fuera de la rutina general de nueve a cinco, existen los trabajadores por turnos. Estas personas trabajan hasta tarde, rotan sus horarios de una semana a otra o intentan seguir trabajando hasta el amanecer. Mientras consumen una taza de caf\u00e9 tras otra […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":22819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[173,205,214,216],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-61140","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-el-ritmo-circadiano","8":"category-energia-es","9":"category-sueno","10":"category-trabajo-por-turnos","11":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00f3mo afecta negativamente el trabajo por turnos a nuestros ritmos biol\u00f3gicos – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Modern industries keep people working round the clock. 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