{"id":54518,"date":"2023-08-08T07:59:56","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T14:59:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/melatonin-chronobiologie\/mechanismus\/"},"modified":"2023-08-08T07:59:58","modified_gmt":"2023-08-08T14:59:58","slug":"mechanismus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/cs\/melatonin-chronobiologie\/mechanismus\/","title":{"rendered":"Mechanismus"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=“stretch_row“ el_class=“banner-top“][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=“post_title“ font_container=“tag:h1|text_align:center“ use_theme_fonts=“yes“][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=“melatoninfacts2″][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Mechanismus<\/h2>\n

Melatonin m\u00e1 v\u00edce mechanism\u016f, kter\u00fdmi m\u016f\u017ee v organismu dos\u00e1hnout r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Mezi nimi se rozli\u0161uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9 receptory, tj. ty, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed na principu kl\u00ed\u010d-kl\u00ed\u010d, a ty mechanismy, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed i bez vyu\u017eit\u00ed dokovac\u00edch m\u00edst.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion color=“turquoise“ gap=“35″ c_icon=“chevron“ c_position=“right“ active_section=“99″ no_fill=“true“ collapsible_all=“true“][vc_tta_section title=“Receptory melatoninu“ tab_id=“1479159301199-fd863768-f6affc8d-716d“][vc_row_inner css=“.vc_custom_1479390515497{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/mechanism_1.jpg?id=11685) !important;}“][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]Receptory melatoninu lze rozd\u011blit do r\u016fzn\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd. Rozli\u0161uj\u00ed se melatoninov\u00e9 receptory 1 a 2 (MTL1 a MTL2), kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd sv\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b i specifickou funkci. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se jedn\u00e1 o tzv. membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 receptory, na jejich\u017e vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stran\u011b je melatonin schopen zakotvit. Pokud dojde k tomuto typu vazby, pak se prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm specifick\u00fdch G protein\u016f uvnit\u0159 bu\u0148ky spust\u00ed \u0159ada proces\u016f, kter\u00e9 vedou k n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu p\u016fsoben\u00ed melatoninu na bu\u0148ku. Krom\u011b toho existuje t\u0159et\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda receptor\u016f, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed ukotvena v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1n\u011b, ale nach\u00e1z\u00ed se uvnit\u0159 bu\u0148ky. Tato t\u0159\u00edda receptor\u016f se v\u0161ak vyskytuje pouze u n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at a pro \u010dlov\u011bka nehraje v\u00fdznamnou roli.<\/p>\n

V\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 melatoninov\u00e9 receptory 1 a 2 jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny v \u0159ad\u011b org\u00e1n\u016f, kde je najdeme na specifick\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch. \u010casov\u00e1 informace, kter\u00e1 vych\u00e1z\u00ed z osciluj\u00edc\u00ed (kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00ed) koncentrace melatoninu, se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do tk\u00e1n\u00ed a cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hustotu melatoninov\u00fdch receptor\u016f lze nal\u00e9zt v ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblastech mozku. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee rozlo\u017een\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad hlodavci a savci maj\u00ed receptory hlavn\u011b v oblastech, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed hodiny a funkce gon\u00e1d (t\u011blesn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k produkci pohlavn\u00edch hormon\u016f a slou\u017e\u00ed k rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed), zat\u00edmco u \u010dlov\u011bka je jin\u00e1 oblast (krom\u011b vnit\u0159n\u00edch hodin, kter\u00e1 obsahuje nejv\u00edce receptor\u016f) v moze\u010dku a mozkov\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e, ale ne v oblastech, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed funkce gon\u00e1d. Z toho je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee funkce melatoninu se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu evoluce zm\u011bnila a \u017ee ne v\u0161echny v\u00fdsledky, kter\u00e9 lze z\u00edskat na zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch modelech, lze jedna ku jedn\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e9st na \u010dlov\u011bka. Krom\u011b receptor\u016f v mozku byla \u0159ada t\u011bchto vazebn\u00fdch m\u00edst objevena i v dal\u0161\u00edch perifern\u00edch org\u00e1nech. Mezi n\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto org\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed melatoninov\u00e9 receptory, pat\u0159\u00ed slinivka b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed, j\u00e1tra, o\u010di, k\u016f\u017ee, n\u011bkter\u00e9 c\u00e9vy, st\u0159evn\u00ed trakt a \u010d\u00e1sti pohlavn\u00edch \u017el\u00e1z. P\u0159esn\u00e1 funkce t\u011bchto receptor\u016f je st\u00e1le p\u0159edm\u011btem intenzivn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu. Je jist\u00e9, \u017ee tato m\u00edsta p\u0159ipojen\u00ed hraj\u00ed roli v propojen\u00ed denn\u00edho\/no\u010dn\u00edho rytmu s funkcemi konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Na druhou stranu se tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee melatonin m\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e9 lze nejsn\u00e1ze popsat jako dola\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a synchronizaci interakc\u00ed mezi org\u00e1ny.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][vc_tta_accordion color=“turquoise“ gap=“35″ c_icon=“chevron“ c_position=“right“ active_section=“99″ no_fill=“true“ collapsible_all=“true“][vc_tta_section title=“Radik\u00e1ln\u00ed mrcho\u017erouti“ tab_id=“1480969757168-be328310-c9dc“][vc_row_inner css=“.vc_custom_1479390486079{background-image: url(https:\/\/www.chronobiology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/mechanism_2.jpg?id=11684) !important;}“][vc_column_inner][vc_column_text]Krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9 receptorov\u011b-p\u0159enosov\u00e9 funkce m\u00e1 melatonin tak\u00e9 antioxida\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nevy\u017eaduje specifick\u00e1 vazebn\u00e1 m\u00edsta, ale m\u00edsto toho p\u016fsob\u00ed jako siln\u00fd vychyt\u00e1va\u010d radik\u00e1l\u016f. V\u00fdsledky pokus\u016f na zv\u00ed\u0159atech lze p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159en\u00e9st na \u010dlov\u011bka, proto\u017ee tato funkce vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed struktury melatoninu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee melatonin m\u016f\u017ee vstupovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 do v\u0161ech bun\u011bk, je schopen chr\u00e1nit v\u0161echny org\u00e1ny, jakmile je p\u0159\u00edtomen. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se hormon produkuje p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v noci a m\u016f\u017ee velmi snadno proniknout p\u0159es hematoencefalickou bari\u00e9ru, m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t preventivn\u00ed roli proti oxida\u010dn\u00edm poruch\u00e1m jak v nervov\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch mozku, tak i v ostatn\u00edch org\u00e1nech b\u011bhem no\u010dn\u00edho sp\u00e1nku. To tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vysv\u011btlit \u0159adu pozitivn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f melatoninu, kter\u00e9 nesouvisej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo s jeho interakc\u00ed se specifick\u00fdmi receptory, ale spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v jeho vlastnosti zachra\u0148ovat radik\u00e1ly, a\u0165 u\u017e u zv\u00ed\u0159at, nebo u lid\u00ed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=“stretch_row“ el_class=“banner-top“][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=“post_title“ font_container=“tag:h1|text_align:center“ use_theme_fonts=“yes“][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=“melatoninfacts2″][vc_column][vc_column_text] Mechanismus Melatonin m\u00e1 v\u00edce mechanism\u016f, kter\u00fdmi m\u016f\u017ee v organismu dos\u00e1hnout r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Mezi nimi se rozli\u0161uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9 receptory, tj. ty, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed na principu kl\u00ed\u010d-kl\u00ed\u010d, a ty mechanismy, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1vaj\u00ed i bez vyu\u017eit\u00ed dokovac\u00edch m\u00edst. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion color=“turquoise“ gap=“35″ c_icon=“chevron“ c_position=“right“ active_section=“99″ no_fill=“true“ collapsible_all=“true“][vc_tta_section title=“Receptory melatoninu“ tab_id=“1479159301199-fd863768-f6affc8d-716d“][vc_row_inner […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":48512,"parent":54509,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"full-width-content","footnotes":""},"categories":[373,371],"class_list":{"0":"post-54518","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"category-melatonin-cs","7":"category-spanek","8":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMechanismus – Chronobiology.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.chronobiology.com\/cs\/melatonin-chronobiologie\/mechanismus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mechanismus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row full_width=“stretch_row“ el_class=“banner-top“][vc_column][vc_custom_heading source=“post_title“ font_container=“tag:h1|text_align:center“ use_theme_fonts=“yes“][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row el_class=“melatoninfacts2″][vc_column][vc_column_text] Mechanismus Melatonin m\u00e1 v\u00edce mechanism\u016f, kter\u00fdmi m\u016f\u017ee v organismu dos\u00e1hnout r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. 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